Questions On Rationale For Study Essay - 1884 Words

Table of contents 1. Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 2. Background -------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 3. Rationale for Study ----------------------------------------------------------------------4 4. Purpose and Aims -----------------------------------------------------------------------5 5. Literature Review ------------------------------------------------------------------------6 6. Research methods ---------------------------------------------------------------------10 7. Expected findings ----------------------------------------------------------------------10 8. References -------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 1. Introduction Individuals migrate to other countries to gain more comfortable lifestyle and learning the inter-cultural relationships. New arrivals have their worries about the situations connected to racial engagements during their daily life. The exclusion is not just existing in schools, but also happening in the workplace in host countries (Soutphommasane 2013). New immigrants, especially the people who hold permanent resettlement visas, experience a new environment and have to play a new social role. Since they have their cultural backgrounds, they might find it difficult to associate with the host countries concerning their gender, mother tongue, education, race, and socialShow MoreRelatedPresenting the Rationale for the Field-Study, Its Aims and Scope, the Research Questions, Significance, Methods, and Design of the Field-Study.11884 Words   |  48 PagesCHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION This chapter aims at presenting the rationale for the field-study, its aims and scope, the research questions, significance, methods, and design of the field-study. 1.1 Introduction It is a common assertion that materials in general play a crucial part in language learning (Robinson, 1991; Nunan, 1991). This accounts for the fact that discussions of the roles of materials appear in almost all books on course design. Materials not only provide learners with a wide rangeRead MoreEssay about Mat 510 Week 3 Discussion Question950 Words   |  4 PagesMAT 510 WEEK 3 DISCUSSION QUESTION To purchase this visit following link: https://coursehomework.com/product/mat-510-week-3-discussion-question/ Contact us at: HELP@COURSEHOMEWORK.COM MAT 510 WEEK 3 DISCUSSION QUESTION 1. Per the textbook, to eliminate or reduce non-value-added work is a core step in improving profitability or efficiency of the business process. Give your opinion on whether or not you agree or disagree with this statement and include one (1) example of a business process whichRead MoreMat 510 Week 10 Discussion Question1408 Words   |  6 PagesMAT 510 WEEK 10 DISCUSSION QUESTION To purchase this visit following link: https://coursehomework.com/product/mat-510-week-10-discussion-question/ Contact us at: HELP@COURSEHOMEWORK.COM MAT 510 WEEK 10 DISCUSSION QUESTION â€Å"Hypothesis Test† Note: Online students, please select one of the two subjects to discuss. †¢ Use the Internet or Strayer Library to research articles on hypothesis test and its application in business. Select one (1) company or organization which utilized hypothesis testRead MoreExercise 11 and 16 Essay1548 Words   |  7 Pagesetc., and/or provide a short written description as to how you obtained the final result.) Exercise 11 (4 points per question) 1. What demographic variables were measured at least at the interval level of measurement? Age, Income, Length of labor, Return to work, and Number of hours working per week. 2. What statistics were used to describe the length of labor in this study? Were these appropriate? Sample size, Median and Standard Deviation were used to describe the length of labor in theRead MoreEssay on Exercise 11 and 161472 Words   |  6 Pages etc., and/or provide a short written description as to how you obtained the final result.) Exercise 11 (4 points per question) 1. What demographic variables were measured at least at the interval level of measurement? Age, Income, Length of labor, Return to work, and Number of hours working per week. 2. What statistics were used to describe the length of labor in this study? Were these appropriate? Sample size, Median and Standard Deviation were used to describe the length of labor in the experimentalRead MoreEssay on Hlt 362v Exercise 29684 Words   |  3 PagesEXERCISE 29 Questions to be Graded 1. Were the groups in this study independent or dependent? Provide a rationale for your answer. The two groups were independent since they were formed based on gender with no intent to match subjects on any variable. The men and women selected didn’t share any relationship or live in the same location. 2. t = −3.15 describes the difference between women and men for what variable in this study? Is this value significant? Provide a rationale for your answerRead MoreMat 510 Mat510 Week 8 Case Study 2: Improving E-Mail Marketing Response683 Words   |  3 Pageshttp://workbank247.com/q/mat-510-mat510-week-8-homework-case-study-discussi/20075 http://workbank247.com/q/mat-510-mat510-week-8-homework-case-study-discussi/20075 Select one (1) project from your working or educational environment that you would apply the DOE technique for the work process. Next, analyze the overall manner in which you would utilize DOE to manage and improve the work process of the project in question. Provide a rationale for your response.   MAT 510 MAT510 Week 8 Homework AssignmentRead MoreThe Importance Of The Personal Development For Citizenship Education1220 Words   |  5 Pagesresponsibility on a Social Studies teacher to develop good and responsible students who value their identity and citizenship. The Alberta Social Studies curriculum emphasizes that, â€Å"the dynamic relationship between citizenship and identity forms the basis for skills and learning outcomes in the program of studies† (Alberta Education 2005, p. 3). How a teacher chooses to explore the relationship between citizenship and identity can greatly influence how the Alberta Social Studies curriculum is taughtRead MoreThe Nuremberg Of Trial ( 1946 )1127 Words   |  5 Pagesperformed by the Nazi doctors. These physicians were accused of conducting torturous â€Å"experiments† with concentration camp inmates. During these studies, physicians conducted treatments that were not permitted and caused severe injuries to the participants , and in some cases, participants died as a result of this. Prisoners were left to freeze to study more on hypothermia. Later, during December 9th, 1946 to August 20th, 1947 representatives establish a Nuremberg trial to prosecuted these doctorsRead MoreAnalysis Of Ost Program Components ( Activities And Goals )1119 Words   |  5 PagesThis research was guided by three questions that pertained to practitioner reports of OST program components (activities and goals), rationales for the components, and use of research as a rationale. Findings related to each question are discussed and then implications for closing the science-to-practice gap are considered. First, all 21 practitioners identified goals and activities for their programs. Common goals included providing a safe environment and developing academic and social-emotional

Solar Energy Is A Great Source Of Renewable Energy

Solar energy is now a great source of renewable energy. Due to the limited stock of fossil fuel, solar panel systems become more popular day by day. Now Industries, houses and defensive forces are using solar panel systems to generate power. The solar panels generate power from sun radiation. Solar cells are also known as Photovoltaic (PV) cells. When sunlight with a specific frequency hits metal, loosely bound electrons emit from the metal as shown in Figure 1. A potential difference is created in between the cathode and the anode. When the anode and the cathode connect, current flows. Solar panel systems use this mechanism to generate power. Then, generated power is carried out to the battery to store and distribute to the load. The main obstacle for solar panel systems is night and cloudy weather, due to low solar radiation. Figure 1: Electrons emitted from metal with solar radiation Many procedures and complications involved with the system. It is necessary to know how the panel produces power in various conditions. The procedures of storing the power in the batteries and what kind of batteries need to be used is also necessary to know. However, power distribution is also an important term that needs to be learned for solar panel installation. Synopsis My final project will be a sun tracking solar panel system. Stationary solar panels are not capable of generating the same amount of power throughout the day as the sun moves. If solarShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits Of Renewable Source Of Energy893 Words   |  4 Pagesbiodiesel burns much cleaner than diesel fuel (Berget al., 2011). According to Bosch and his colleagues, the demand for renewable source of energy is exceeding political agendas (2015). Renewable energies is in great interest of developed countries that lack fossil fuels (Bosch et al., 2015). Even the environmental or social cost are not taken into account while meeting renewable resource demand in developing countries (Bosch et al., 2015). Government should take biomass sustainability into considerationRead MoreSolar Energy Incentives999 Words   |  4 PagesSubject: Financial Incentives to Expand Solar Power Adoption in the United States Recommended Action The lack of a nationwide solar power policy, alongside significant technical hurdles, hinders the progress of renewable energy across the United States of America. Strengthen national policies by introducing financial incentives for research, development, and manufacturing that tackle technical challenges to the growth of renewable energy. Incentives such as tax breaks, low interest rate loans, andRead MoreThe Environmental Impact Of Renewable Energy Sources1555 Words   |  7 PagesThere is a great consensus among scientists that global warming is real and is being accelerated by human generated emissions. Since the start of the industrial revolution the United States has been a huge contributor to global warming. What causes global warming? When carbon dioxide collects in the earth’s atmosphere, it creates an invisible thick layer that traps heat on earth from the sun. The more carbon dioxide that s pumped into the atmosphere, the more heat is trapped and slowly raisesRead MoreRenewable Energy And Solar Energy Essay1564 Words   |  7 Pagespertaining to the idea of solar renewable energy. Within the research, I will look to inform the reader on advantages and disadvantages of solar energy. Also, how solar energy will affect human in later years in the universe. Once research is conducted the report will then be organized into an informational report. The informational report will be shared with U.S solar marketers, John Barbour, and others whom are interested in knowing more information about solar energy. The main objective of thisRead MoreEssay about Renewable Energy: A Bright Future707 Words   |  3 Pagesshows us just how important renewable energy sources are. Currently the U nited States of America thrives on the use of fossil fuels and nuclear power. The main problems with these types of fuel are that they are both limited and can be extremely harmful to our environment. They cause global warming, air pollution, acid rain, and oil spills (Environment), and not only that, but in the grand scheme of things, these sources really aren’t even that cheap of a fuel source. There are many alternativesRead MoreBrazil s Global Energy Development Essay1170 Words   |  5 PagesBrazil is Latin America’s largest renewable energy market notwithstanding flat economic growth as its commitment to renewable energy is strong and has facilitated continuous investment in this segment sighting that nearly 76 percent comes from renewable resources. (International Trade Administration Sector Snapshot) To date, wind and hydropower have been the source of Brazil’s renewable energy expansion. As it is projected that new solar energy development over t he long term will provide an encouragingRead MoreAlternative Energy: Solar Energy1323 Words   |  5 PagesIn the world today, alternative energy source which is an alternative to fossil fuel and nuclear energy is becoming more and more of a necessity. Right now, the world’s population growth has caused an increase in the energy demand. Rosenberg (2009) pointed out that the world’s current growth rate is about 1.14%, representing a doubling time of 61 years. OECDs International Energy Agency[IEA] (2014) found that from 2011 to 2035 the world energy demand is likely to rise by more than two-thirds. ThoughRead MoreThe Future Of Solar Energy1006 Words   |  5 Pagesfor sustainable investment . With the necessities for diversified economies and youth bulges providing an eager labor force, there is certainly room for growth in the region. A study by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) shows that countries seriously involved with renewable energies can expe ct significant job creation. In Germany, for example, the numbers were 150,057 for direct employment and 120,533 for indirect . Coupled with the increasing openness of the societies and the politicalRead MoreTypes Of Energy Resources Used All Over The World872 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many types of energy resources used all over the world. These can be classified as either renewable or non-renewable energy sources. Renewable sources are those that are found readily but do not face the possibility of depletion. These include solar, wind and hydroelectric energy sources. Non-renewable energy sources are found in the environment but can be depleted by overuse and these include natural gas, coal, and oil. Among the renewable energy sources, solar energy is the most commonlyRead MoreBenefits And Limitations Of Renewable Energy Sources1678 Words   |  7 Pagesthat we live, the prospects for renewable energy will increase in the European union as a whole, and in the UK in particul ar, in the coming decades. Renewable energy sources are already providing a significant proportion of the world’s primary energy, and it is likely to be providing a much greater proportion of the world’s energy by the second half of the 21th century. The European Union countries may do something to increase 20% of all energy from Renewable sources by 2020 to the society.This essay

Explain Why the Nep Was Unpopular with Many Communists in...

Explain why the NEP was unpopular with many communists in the 1920’s USSR. The NEP, abbreviation for the ‘New Economic Policy’, was a number of policies deployed by Vladimir Lenin to improve the conditions of post war USSR. The NEP replaced the system of War Communism which was used between 1918 and 1921. The main motive for the War Communism policy was to support and supply the Red Army with food and weapons during the Russian Civil War. However, after the war the country was in turmoil and the majority of the Soviet Union’s population suffered hardship and poverty. This was when a quick solution was needed to revamp the Russian economy and the NEP policies were the solution. The NEP was made to balance the needs of the well of and†¦show more content†¦Other European countries used much more modernised equipments. However, the NEP does not encourage this modernisation which could in fact dramatically improve the country’s economy. Grain export was the most important source for their agriculture yet the exports were thre e fourth lower than it was a decade ago. This left the Russian economy to be far behind in modernisation than any other European countries. Modernisation was pivotal as it can enhance a country’s strength in many ways. Most importantly, it would help support Russia’s military at a time where an invasion to any European country could be foreseen. The Communists were afraid of this, since they were prone to any invasion with their weapons being out of date. The Communists felt they should be a major industrialization powerhouse against other European rivals such as Germany however the NEP would make the country even more vulnerable. Moreover, peasant realised feeding themselves is more important than buying insignificant consumer goods. So, they held grain for themselves and the grain export seems to have been abandoned. A system scale of individual peasant farming under the NEP couldn’t support plans for industrialisation and the Communists were out of favour for this plan and so, the current NEP policy needs to be replaced by a more vigorous and rapid one. Developing the Russian economy would further be significant as there was an increase in unemployment. The idleness wasShow MoreRelatedLenin13422 Words   |  54 PagesVladimir Ilyich Lenin Ð’Ð »Ã °Ã ´Ã ¸Ã ¼Ã ¸Ã'€ ИÐ »Ã'Å'Ð ¸Ã'‡ ЛÐ µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã ½ | | Lenin in 1920 | Chairman of the Council of People s Commissars of the Soviet Union (Premier of the Soviet Union) | In office 30 December 1922  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 21 January 1924 | Preceded by | Position created | Succeeded by | Alexei Rykov | Chairman of the Council of People s Commissars of the Russian SFSR | In office 8 November 1917  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 21 January 1924 | Preceded by | Position created | Succeeded by | Alexei Rykov | Member of the Politburo

Safety And Quality Health Service Standards -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Safety And Quality Health Service Standards? Answer: Introducation In the provision of healthcare, person-centred care (PCC) is the practice of patients caring and for their families in several ways that are valuable and meaningful for the individual patient. According to Institute of Medicine (IOM), treatment provided to patients that is responsive and respectful taking their values, needs and preferences into consideration where values of patients guide throughout all clinical decisions (Feinberg 2014). National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS) Standards also explains that PCC is an important dimension of safety and quality where healthcare delivery is responsive to preferences and needs of patients (McCormack et al. 2012). In current literature, PCC is described as visit-based assessments that involve communication with healthcare professionals playing an important role in building relationships (Zhao et al. 2016). Therefore, the following essay uncovers the concept of PCC through patient interview linked to NSQHS and Registered Nurse St andards for Practice. PCC is different from patient centred care that former focuses on the accumulation of knowledge from patients and family members about needs and preferences over time and provides appropriate care regarding needs in the context of other needs (Carlstrm and Ekman 2012). Person-centred care demonstrates patient regarded as the person considering circumstances and standpoint for decision-making process (Eaton, Roberts and Turner 2015). This also extends beyond setting goals for the patient. PCC involves the doctor-patient encounter style characterized by specific responsiveness to preferences and needs of the patients using informed wishes guiding interaction, activity, information giving and participation in decision-making. PCC has health outcomes for patients and their family members. PCC interventions enhance the quality of care and self-care behaviour performances. In a study conducted by (Morgan and Yoder (2012) illustrated that communication that occurs during PCC is correlated with perceptions of patients helping them find common ground. Positive perceptions were found to be associated with fact and better recovery from pain and discomfort. During a visit, communication greatly influences the health of patients through perceptions especially when it is achieved through common good improving their health status and increasing efficiency of care and reduction of referrals and diagnostic tests. In a research, it was analysed that positive patient-centred care in a primary setting is associated with a decrease in healthcare services utilization (Munthe, Sandman and Cutas 2012). This is greatly associated with the reduction in annual medical care charges that is an important outcome in PCC regarding me dical visits. PCC has demonstrated a practical style that emphasizes on patient activation and reduction in care charges. Person-centred communication is associated with medical resources utilization demonstrating that patients who are patient-centred and perceived their visits have few diagnostic tests and referrals. The patient was admitted with the initial injury at the right toe that needed longer time to heal. The principles of PCC was applied in the given context to enhance the process of recovery. PCC carry out in settings encompassing visits. Interaction or communication is involved where the quality of interactions between healthcare professionals and patients that equate PPC with communication skills. Among fundamental component in care PCC is characterized by shared understanding, healing relationships, trust, emotional support, patient participation, activation, enablement and informed choices (Wildevuur and Simonse 2015). This is depicted in the patient interview that was undertaken during my current work placement at the rehabilitation ward. I interviewed a patient, Mr ABC, a 69-year-old male patient who is suffering from right below knee amputation (right BKA). The patients medical history depicts that there is non-healing wound @ R Leg, left 4th and 5th toe wound, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), underwent Stents Triple Bypass in 2009, Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABS) in 2006, peripheral neuropathy, depression, hypertension and peripheral vascular disease (PVD). The patient is under a detailed health plan with ongoing physiotherapy, occupational therapy (OT) assessment, regular dressing of wound with more area infected on right side and monitoring of 4th 5th toe wound provided with weaning dose of Pregabalin. The patients social background depicted that he lived in a two-story building and was an ex-smoker until he gave up smoking in 2010. These details about the patient are important for patient-centred care in the provision of care. Before interview, informed consent was taken from the patient to know about his willingness to participate in the interview. As the infection of the patient spread throughout the legs, it is essential to provide patient centred care that was given to him in the orthopaedic ward. Hence, under the given situation, Mr..ABC were given the patient cantered care that was needed in the aspects of preventing further infection. As part of the PCC, the patient was given Knee Amputation treatment that are provided by the multi-disciplinary team. Regular family meetings were also held, which ensured that the family got proper information about the patient condition. They were also able to take part in the part of decision making process. This is believed to be a part of the education that are provided by the family as a part of the patient centred care. Through the education, it is also possible to promote the heath related facts to the patient family. Earlier, person-centred care was focused on the relationship between physician or care team and patient. In case of MR ABC, the same was provided to deal with the issues of anxiety and stress. This can also help to deal with the financial stress that are encountered by the family. This relationship is still integral. However, changes to healthcare system have taken place where broader factors are considered that also affect PPC and health experiences. The biopsychosocial model or framework as a paradigm that is used in PCC to understand the cultural and social environment along with the psychological impact that environment has on an individual as important as biological factors and genetics are important (McKay et al. 2012). This is the reason he social background of Mr ABC was asked. This person-centred model suggests using integrated patient knowledge within the ethical framework where patient's rights are respected and inculcate them in their provision of care. Five conceptual di mensions have been identified in biopsychosocial perspective comprising of patient as person, therapeutic alliance, and doctor as person and sharing of power and responsibilities (Hebblethwaite 2013). This perspective is crucial in understanding and honouring the needs and preferences of the patient and valuing their rights. Concisely, biopsychosocial model conceptualize illness and disorders as the interaction between hierarchical levels from biological to social to psychological levels. PCC uses five key principles; valuing people, autonomy, life experience, understanding relationships and environment. Valuing people suggests that healthcare providers need to treat individuals with respect and dignity and be aware of their supporting personal perspectives, beliefs, values and preferences (Munthe, Sandman and Cutas 2012). The healthcare provider and patient should listen to each other and work in partnership for designing and delivering healthcare services. Autonomy is the provision of choice, and there is respect for choices that are made that balances risks, rights and responsibilities. There is proper optimization of persons control as there is sharing of power and active participation in decision-making (Elwyn et al. 2012). This helps to maximize independence that is built on strengths, abilities and interest of individuals. Life experiences are the support that is provided to patients supporting their sense of self and understanding the importance of history of a patient until present-day experiences. This is greatly evident in the interview where the past medical history of Mr ABC was taken into consideration as it determines the plan of care and their hopes for the future. There is also understanding of relationships that make collaborative interactions between service provider and user, between staffing levels and their carers. Through local community, social connectedness is also promoted where one engages in meaningful activities. The environment encompasses organizational values underpinning the PCC principles. There is responsive support making healthcare provides responsive to individual needs. Organization-wide planning and efforts strengthen individuals and enhance organizational learning. These factors greatly help to guide PCC stimulating active consideration of persons preferences, needs and active participation in intervention selection, goal setting and have positive health outcomes. PCC has been recognized as a broad concept in high-quality healthcare provision. There should be safe, effective, timely, equitable and efficient quality of care for individuals by service providers. Care given should be responsive and respectful enduring that every needs and preference of individuals are governed. In the provision of quality of care, NSQHS suggests that PCC should be provided to individuals at every level of care. Patients experiences about the quality of care provided refer to the experience level where it is mandatory to provide care in such a manner where it should be respectful by careful demonstration of effective communication and sharing of information between service provider and user. The participation of patients and their families is greatly encourages and supported. At the clinical level, patients and their family advisors should also participate in the overall designing of services and programs. The members of quality improvement should take active part icipation in the program with redesigning of teams and participation in planning, implementation and evaluation of change (Entwistle and Watt 2013). At the organizational level, it is quite mandatory to include departments, services and programs for providing quality care. The patients and their families need to be encouraged to be fully active participants in organizational committees for designing and working of facilities for patient safety, patient or family education, quality improvement and research. At the environmental level, patients and their family members perspectives are taken into consideration informing local, federal, state policy agencies for program development. The reimbursements and expectations are set and incentives development encouraging and supporting engagement of individuals and their families in clinical decision making process in healthcare at all levels (Safetyandquality.gov.au 2012). PCC is greatly informed by Australian College of Nursing (ACN) and Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) standards that promote professional behaviour and effective communication by nurses and midwives while communicating with the patient. Under the Principle 2 of person-centred care by ACN, there is recognition of power imbalances between nurse and person professional relationship in addressing the issue of supportive and collaborative practice in clinical-decision making (Safetyandquality.gov.au 2010). There should also be effective communication between service provider and user regarding health literacy. In PCC, health literacy between nurse and person is important and therefore, should avoid practices enhancing health literacy. For supporting shared-decision making, nurses should take PCC approach for the management of person's concerns in a consistent manner by preferences and values of person. There should be safe nursing practice that is supported by shared-decision making in the provision of care. The PCC model is based on healthcare providers knowledge, confidence and understanding of collaborative care in planning for person. ACN believes that PCC principle is central tenet that underpins delivery of health and nursing care. This nursing standard states that every person should be treated as an individual and it is nurses moral duty to protect persons dignity. While providing care, nurses should respect the preferences and rights of person (Ross, Tod and Clarke 2015). As person-centred communication is involved in PCC, there should be development of therapeutic relationship between care recipients and care providers that are based on mutual understanding and trust. The ability of a nurse in delivering PCC is determined by their attributes, nursing practice and care environment. There should be well-developed interpersonal skills, commitment to person care, self-awareness and professional values. Nurses should also demonstrate professional competence like skills, knowledge, values, attitudes and judgment. They should empower person in making informed decisions and care planning providing holistic care. Care environment elements should support PCC having appropriate staff mix and transformational leadership enabling effective nursing teams development with shared power, supportive workplace and effective organizations. Concisely, ACN supports healthcare organizations in designing and implementing policies that support PCC achieving balance between q uality of care and economic imperatives (Pope 2012). From the above discussion, it can be concluded that PCC is a high priority where the person is involved in the provision of care providing the high quality of healthcare. The provision of care put people at central tenant improving the quality of healthcare services available. This model takes into consideration people needs and preferences while providing care and empower them to become more active in decision-making process. The discussion also explains that PCC improves the quality of care and promote safety by improving the health of people and reducing the burden of disease. The core elements of PCC include access to care and practices conducive towards patient experiences emerged from medical, nursing and health policy literature. PCC is built on biopsychosocial model taking social, psychological and biological levels into consideration concerning health. ACN also believed in PCC and nursing practice is built on this philosophy of emphasizing and strengthening individuals in th e provision of care. References Carlstrm, E.D. and Ekman, I., 2012. Organisational culture and change: implementing person-centred care.Journal of health organization and management,26(2), pp.175-191. Eaton, S., Roberts, S. and Turner, B., 2015. Delivering person centred care in long term conditions.Bmj,350, p.h181. Elwyn, G., Frosch, D., Thomson, R., Joseph-Williams, N., Lloyd, A., Kinnersley, P., Cording, E., Tomson, D., Dodd, C., Rollnick, S. and Edwards, A., 2012. Shared decision making: a model for clinical practice.Journal of general internal medicine,27(10), pp.1361-1367. Entwistle, V.A. and Watt, I.S., 2013. Treating patients as persons: a capabilities approach to support delivery of person-centered care.The American Journal of Bioethics,13(8), pp.29-39. Feinberg, L.F., 2014. Moving toward person-and family-centered care.Public Policy Aging Report,24(3), pp.97-101. Hebblethwaite, S., 2013. " I Think That It Could Work But...": Tensions Between the Theory and Practice of Person-Centred and Relationship-Centred Care.Therapeutic Recreation Journal,47(1), p.13. McCormack, B., Borg, M., Cardiff, S., Dewing, J., Jacobs, G., Janes, N., Karlsson, B., McCance, T., Mekki, T.E., Porock, D. and Van Lieshout, F., 2015. Person-centredness-the'state'of the art.International Practice Development Journal,5. McKay, R., McDonald, R., Lie, D. and McGowan, H., 2012. Reclaiming the best of the biopsychosocial model of mental health care and recoveryfor older people through a person-centredapproach.Australasian Psychiatry,20(6), pp.492-495. Morgan, S. and Yoder, L.H., 2012. A concept analysis of person-centered care.Journal of Holistic Nursing,30(1), pp.6-15. Munthe, C., Sandman, L. and Cutas, D., 2012. Person centred care and shared decision making: implications for ethics, public health and research.Health Care Analysis,20(3), pp.231-249. Munthe, C., Sandman, L. and Cutas, D., 2012. Person centred care and shared decision making: implications for ethics, public health and research.Health Care Analysis,20(3), pp.231-249. Pope, T., 2012. How person-centred care can improve nurses attitudes to hospitalised older patients.Nursing Older People,24(1), pp.32-37. Ross, H., Tod, A.M. and Clarke, A., 2015. Understanding and achieving person?centred care: the nurse perspective.Journal of clinical nursing,24(9-10), pp.1223-1233. Safetyandquality.gov.au. (2010).Patient-Centred Care: Improving Quality and Safety By Focusing Care On Patients And Consumers. [online] Available at: https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/PCCC-DiscussPaper.pdf [Accessed 18 Jan. 2018]. Safetyandquality.gov.au. (2012).National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards. [online] Available at: https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/PCCC-DiscussPaper.pdf [Accessed 18 Jan. 2018]. Wildevuur, S.E. and Simonse, L.W., 2015. Information and communication technologyenabled person-centered care for the big five chronic conditions: scoping review.Journal of medical Internet research,17(3). Zhao, J., Gao, S., Wang, J., Liu, X. and Hao, Y., 2016. Differentiation between two healthcare concepts: Person-centered and patient-centered care.International Journal of Nursing Sciences,3(4), pp.398-402.

Ethics in Statistics free essay sample

There are a number of possible ways in which unethical behavior can arise in statistics and researchers should steer clear of these. It is relatively simple to manipulate and hide data, projecting only what one desires and not what the numbers actually speak, thus giving birth to the famous phrase â€Å"Lies, damned lies and statistics†. However, this doesn’t happen all the time and there is no reason not to believe in the conclusions of a statistical analysis (Siddharth, 2010). Ethics in statistics is not straightforward and can be quite complex at times.It also greatly depends on what kind of statistical analysis is being done. Unethical behavior might arise at any point – from data collection to data interpretation. For example, data collection can be made inherently biased by posing the wrong questions that stimulate strong emotions rather than objective realities. This happens all the time when the survey is aimed to try and prove a viewpoint rather than find out the truth (Cruz, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics in Statistics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Other unethical behaviors might include scientists not including data outliers in their report and analysis to validate their theory or viewpoint.This happens both in pure and social sciences. By obscuring data or taking only the data points that reinforce a particular theory, scientists are indulging in unethical behavior (Morales, 2010). Ethics in statistics are very important during data representation as well. Numbers don’t lie but their interpretation and representation can be misleading. For example, after a broad survey of many customers, a company might decide to publish and make available only the numbers and figures that reflect well on the company and either totally neglect or not give due importance to other figures.Surveys and polls often indulge in unethical behavior to reinforce a viewpoint. For example, a survey might not reflect true public opinion because it is not statistically significant. However, many surveys do not publish this along with their poll and this can be misleading. As a researcher it is important to be objective and provide the complete picture that has been obtained from the experiment without hiding any details or overemphasizing something for personal gain. Ethics in statistics are important to give the right direction to research so that it is objective and reflects the truth. In February 2001, Enron was named exceedingly unfathomable, meanwhile they â€Å"window dress† their books in effort to hide their debts and Wall Street remained in the dark. August of 2001 Enron’s Vice President Sherron Watkins wrote an anonymous letter to Mr. Lay describing accounting methods that she felt would lead the company to â€Å"implode in a wave of accounting scandals† (North, 2005). On 14th August2001 Jeff Skilling, the chief executive, resigned and was replaced by Kenneth Lay. Mr. Kenneth Lay, once again CEO emailed his employees stating that they expected the company’s stock prices to go up. On the other hand, Mr. Lay sold off his own stock in Enron. Kenneth Lay also took $300 million over three years, for the purpose of services rendered to the company. On 12th October 2001, Arthur Anderson’s legal counsel directed workers who audit Enron’s books to destroy all except the basic documents. The real scandal broke on 16th October 2001 when Enron announced that they loss $638 million, due to â€Å"failure of its internet investment†. Immediately the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) announced that they were investigating Enron. See, Enron had adopted an accounting technique called the Special Purpose Entity (SPE).Initially Enron used SPE appropriately by placing non energy related business into separate legal entities. On the other hand they tried to manufacture earnings by manipulating the capital structure of the SPE by hiding their losses and they did not have independent outside partners that prevented full disclosure. Also they did not disclose the risks in their financial statements. Enron had made agreements with approximately 3,000 off balance sheet entities. How Enron used SPE’s for off Balance Sheet formatting In order to keep up, Enron to borrowed money to invest into new projects.Enron then created partnerships with lenders to keep the debt off its books. Chewco Investments was one of the partnerships that allowed Enron to keep $600 million in debt off the books it showed to the government and to people who own Enron stock (Norton). Seeing that this debt never appeared in Enrons reports, it made Enron seem extremely financially successful. Enron’s auditing firm, Andersen, one of the world’s five leading accounting firms at the time received millions of dollars the majority of which was not for auditing (North, 2005).Arthur Andersen allegedly applied irresponsible standards in their audits due to conflict of interest over the substantial consulting fees generated by Enron. In 2000, Arthur Andersen was paid $25 million in audit fees and $27 million in consulting fees (this amount accounted for roughly 27% of the audit fees of public clients for Arthur Andersens Houston office). The auditors methods were probed as either being completed for conflicted reasons or a lack of capability to sufficiently assess the financial convolutions Enron employed (Healy ; Palepu, 2003).Enron scandal resulted in shareholders loss amounting to nearly $11 billion when it plunged to less than $1 by the end of November 2001. When the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) began their investigation, Dynegy offered to purchase the company at a fire sale price. Soon that deal fell through and Enron filed for bankruptcy on December 2, 2001. Enron filed under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code, and with assets of $63. 4 billion, it was by landscape the largest corporate bankruptcy in U. S. istory until WorldComs 2002 bankruptcy (Benston, 2003). On the very same day Enron filed for bankruptcy, they slapped Dynegy with a lawsuit for $10 billion, claiming that they breach the contract. The Enron scandal captivated everyone’s attention worldwide. Enron not only robbed $70 billion of shareholder assessment, but they also evaded on tens of billions of dollars in debts. Enron, at the time, employed 20,000 people. The employees of Enron did not only lose their jobs but they also lost their life savings when Enron’s stock dived.Due to the fact that Enron had close to $67 billion owed to its creditors, employees and shareholders were only able to receive limited, if any, assistance aside from severance from Enron (The New York Times, 2003). In order for Enron to pay its creditors, they held auctions selling its assets, such as art, photographs, logo signs, and its pipeline (Vogel, 2003). As investors, we put our trust in the economic system’s â€Å"gatekeepers† (North 2005). We rely on the knowledge and ethical standards of the accountants, the financial intermediaries and government regulators.When gatekeepers fail to inform us, the investors, of companies’ breach of ethics and lowering of standards, they too should be held accountable. Organizations tried avoiding breach of its ethical standards, by increasing the programs and workshops in order to help management and employees develop strong ethical principles. Companies that executed ethical programs have deterred and regulate transgression amongst employees. Organizations identified that effective business ethics programs are good for business performance (Ferrell, Fraedrich and Ferrell 12).Companies realized that not only did ethical practices and fair judgments of employees strengthened employees’ commitment and trust, it also attracted investors. Because employees and organizations were closely linked to consumers, the ethical conduct with the consumer increased the customer grati fication and customer trustworthiness. The use of ethical practice helps motivate employees and steer them in the right direction. It can also prepare managers to make ethical decisions when it is hard to differentiate right from wrong.

Free Essays on Microsoft Timeline

October 1997 – In October of 1997, the Justice Department sued the Microsoft Corporation, alleging the software maker required computer manufacturers to ship Microsoft's Internet Explorer Web browser on PCs loaded with Windows 95. Attorney General Janet Reno also asks a federal court to impose penalties of $1 million per day.In December of that same year, U.S. District Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson issued a preliminary injunction forcing Microsoft to stop, at least temporarily, requiring manufacturers who sell Windows 95 to install Microsoft's Internet Explorer. Microsoft appealed. In May of 1998, regulators from the Justice Department and 20 states launch one of the biggest antitrust assaults of the century, accusing Microsoft of using its dominance in computer software to drive competitors out of business. The filing comes after negotiations between the government and Microsoft officials break down Nov. 5, 1999 - U.S. District Court judge finds that Microsoft holds monopoly power in the market for PC operating systems, and the company's actions harmed consumers. Nov. 19, 1999 - District Court judge appoints federal appeals judge, Richard Posner, to serve as a mediator to handle the negotiations between Microsoft and the government. April 1, 2000 - Judge Posner announces the end of negotiations between Microsoft and the government after four fruitless months of talks, setting the stage for a verdict by Judge Jackson. April 3, 2000 - Judge Jackson rules Microsoft violated the nation's antitrust laws by using its monopoly power in personal computer operating systems to stifle competition. April 28, 2000 - The Justice Department and a group of state attorneys general ask Judge Jackson to split Microsoft into two separate companies: one devoted to the Windows operating system, and the second to Microsoft's other businesses, including popular software applications such as Microsoft Office. Sept. 26, 2000 - In a victory ... Free Essays on Microsoft Timeline Free Essays on Microsoft Timeline October 1997 – In October of 1997, the Justice Department sued the Microsoft Corporation, alleging the software maker required computer manufacturers to ship Microsoft's Internet Explorer Web browser on PCs loaded with Windows 95. Attorney General Janet Reno also asks a federal court to impose penalties of $1 million per day.In December of that same year, U.S. District Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson issued a preliminary injunction forcing Microsoft to stop, at least temporarily, requiring manufacturers who sell Windows 95 to install Microsoft's Internet Explorer. Microsoft appealed. In May of 1998, regulators from the Justice Department and 20 states launch one of the biggest antitrust assaults of the century, accusing Microsoft of using its dominance in computer software to drive competitors out of business. The filing comes after negotiations between the government and Microsoft officials break down Nov. 5, 1999 - U.S. District Court judge finds that Microsoft holds monopoly power in the market for PC operating systems, and the company's actions harmed consumers. Nov. 19, 1999 - District Court judge appoints federal appeals judge, Richard Posner, to serve as a mediator to handle the negotiations between Microsoft and the government. April 1, 2000 - Judge Posner announces the end of negotiations between Microsoft and the government after four fruitless months of talks, setting the stage for a verdict by Judge Jackson. April 3, 2000 - Judge Jackson rules Microsoft violated the nation's antitrust laws by using its monopoly power in personal computer operating systems to stifle competition. April 28, 2000 - The Justice Department and a group of state attorneys general ask Judge Jackson to split Microsoft into two separate companies: one devoted to the Windows operating system, and the second to Microsoft's other businesses, including popular software applications such as Microsoft Office. Sept. 26, 2000 - In a victory ...

Cognitive Dissonance Impacts Repurchase Intention Research Paper

Cognitive Dissonance Impacts Repurchase Intention - Research Paper Example The moments immediately after purchase, trigger a series of thoughts in the minds of customers. The consequence of losing other substitute choices and impact of gaining alternate choices together can produce mental irregularity, thus, compelling the customer to reconsider the insight of the purchase decision (Kassarjian & Cohen, 1965). Statement of the Problem Cognitive dissonance occurs when a purchaser becomes dissonant about his/her purchase decision. The research seeks to investigate the problem of cognitive dissonance to understand what aspects lead to dissatisfaction after a purchase decision. A dissonant consumer can return a product or discontinue use of a particular service. The concept of cognitive dissonance is much important for organizations because it can significantly impact on the customers’ post purchasing behavior (Hamza & Zakkaria, 2012). The major problem studied in this research is to understand the consequence of cognitive dissonance on the repurchase int ention of customers. The research findings in this paper will help businesses to understand better how to retain a customer by reducing the dissonance. The purpose of this research is to examine how cognitive dissonance among consumers can lead to a decrease in customer repurchase. Significance of the Problem The significance of this problem is prevalent in customer retention. Drege (1991) depicted that most companies have a customer acquisition strategy, but few companies have a customer retention strategy. Once companies acquire customers they do not develop a plan to keep them for long-run. Many times, it can be observed especially in retail segment that customer returns or exchanges product because of dissatisfaction. Thus, businesses suffer because the relationship they have with the consumer is not managed well. Businesses also face impact heavily from a lost sale, which results in acquiring a returned product that has lost its value. If there is a way to reduce the dissonance that a consumer feels after purchase behavior, it could lead to positive impacts for the consumer and businesses. The problem of dissonance also represents other significant issue concerning consumers that often experience of dissatisfaction, and failure to complaints result in silent departure of customers from using the company’s services. According to Chebat, Davidow, & Codjovi (2005), a silent loss can create negative impacts on companies such as losing a customer, along with their lifetime flow of revenue. The other negative impact silent losses have on companies is the inability to address the problem at hand. Dissatisfied customers who never protest are subject to multiple losses due to similar reasons. Companies cannot fix problems they do not know to exist. When companies fail to adhere to dissonant customers, they run the risk of harmful word-of-mouth reviews. There are only few investigative researches undertaken about the impact of cognitive dissonance and repurc hase intention of customers. Therefore, there is a requirement for increased number of experimental research where relationship between these two variables can be analyzed. This research can further be studied by analyzing respondents about the reason for remaining in good relationship with an organization for a longer period of time. Literature Review According to the observation of Leon, cognitive dissonance is related with the relationships about understandings of people.