The US Congress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The US Congress - Essay Example Representative Spector's site contained a similar voting demographic points; including banners, visiting DC, arrangements to military foundations and entry level positions; and really had one more than Lott - how to get awards. His landing page however was more packed and the significant theme catches were not as effectively unmistakable as Lott's; to his advantage, however, he had an email information exchange structure on the first page and his office areas and telephone numbers. In contrast to Lott's page however, Spector had no pursuit bar. The data on Wicker's landing page was scanty, best case scenario. His route catches were hard to peruse and little which could make it hard for a more seasoned individual. Additionally his principle theme catches had no drop down menus and as opposed to gathering classifications he such a large number of individual tabs. He had no hunt bar. In conclusion, Lewis' site page was set up pleasantly. His class catches were anything but difficult to find, in spite of the fact that they didn't have drop down menus. He did, be that as it may, have two hunt bars: one for general ventures and a Bill search which was imaginative. He didn't have a state map as did the two legislators. Each of the four of the congressman had a lot of factional data inside their sites, albeit some were more obtrusive than others. Lewis' landing page was primarily taken up with data on Bills, ventures or acts he was by and by associated with. In any case, his most recent news was dated January 18 which made me wonder what he had been accomplishing for a quarter of a year. Wicker's landing page devoted practically 50% of the landing page to storm alleviation help. The lower divide had current news discharge connects to his supported bills just as three segments he pens. Spector's most recent news was dated April sixth so data is being refreshed reasonably every now and again and like the others his news all managed enactments or councils is was effectively chipping away at. He had an article, be that as it may, about bipartisan collaboration in oil and gas value conversations. Finally, Lott's official statement segment was less jumbled with just one discharge showed and a catch to see more. He likewise had a connect to his week after week radio location which as indicated by the site he has been doing a week after week address since 1973. Of the four pages Lott had the least fanatic data depicted on the primary page. Every one of the four Congressmen have extensive life stories posted on their sites clarifying in detail the expert lives just as their experience and family data. Wicker has a broad photograph display. Lewis has the most brief life story of the four congressmen. One thing I didn't care for is the main section talked about his own protection business; ever the sales rep I assume. His photograph display was set up pleasantly with various headings to choose from which made it perfectly sorted out. Lott's account was pleasantly spread out with his primary headings marked. This permits the perusers to look over for the specific region they are looking for. Lott just had one photograph, his official Senate photograph. Spector's account was likewise pleasantly spread out clear and succinct with decent visual portrayals. Spector additionally had no photograph display which made me question in the event that it was a Senate ordered, a Senate informal command or only an incident. Of the complete appearance of the sites, by a long shot, the most engaging was that of Lott. He had much better utilization of room. The pages didn't appear as jumbled as that of Wicker and Lewis. Spector's page was spread out well as well,

Marie of France, Countess of Champagne

Marie of France, Countess of Champagne Known for: French princess whose birth was a mistake to guardians who needed a child to acquire the French seat Occupation: Countess of Champagne, official for her significant other and afterward for her child Dates: 1145 - March 11, 1198 Disarray with Marie de France, Poet In some cases mistook for Marie de France, Mary of France, a medieval writer of England in the twelfth century whose Lais of Marie de France get by alongside an interpretation of Aesops Fables into the English of the time and maybe others works. About Marie of France, Countess of Champagne Marie was destined to Eleanor of Aquitaine and Louis VII of France. That marriage was at that point flimsy when Eleanor brought forth a subsequent girl, Alix, in 1151, and the pair understood that they were not prone to have a child. Salic Law was deciphered to imply that a girl or little girls spouse couldn't acquire the crown of France. Eleanor and Louis had their marriage canceled in 1152, Eleanor left first for Aquitaine and afterward wedded the beneficiary to Englands crown, Henry Fitzempress. Alix and Marie were left in France with their dad and, later, stepmothers. Marriage In 1160, when Louis wedded his third spouse, Adã ¨le of Champagne, Louis pledged his little girls Alix and Marie to siblings of his new wife. Marie and Henry, Count of Champagne, were hitched in 1164. Henry went to battle in the Holy Land, leaving Marie as his official. While Henry was away, Maries stepbrother, Philip, succeeded their dad as lord, and held onto the dower terrains of his mom, Adã ¨le of Champagne, who was additionally Maries sister-iin-law. Marie and others joined Adã ¨le in restricting Philips activity; when Henry came back from the Holy Land, Marie and Philip had settled their contention. Widowhood At the point when Henry kicked the bucket in 1181, Marie filled in as official for their child, Henry II, until 1187. At the point when Henry II went to the Holy Land to battle in a campaign, Marie again filled in as official. Henry passed on in 1197, and Maries more youthful child Theobold succeeded him. Marie entered a religious community and kicked the bucket in 1198. Courts of Love Marie may have been a supporter of Andrã © le Chapelain (Andreas Capellanus), creator of one of the takes a shot at dignified love, as a clergyman who served Marie was named Andreas (and Chapelain or Capellanus implies minister). In the book, he credits decisions to Marie and to her mom, Eleanor of Aquitaine, among others. A few sources acknowledge the case that the book, De Amore and referred to in English as The Art of Courtly Love, was composed in line with Marie. There is no strong recorded proof that Marie of France with or without her mom managed at courts of adoration in France, however a few scholars have made that guarantee. Additionally known as: Marie Capet; Marie de France; Marie, Countess of Champagne Foundation, Family: Mother: Eleanor of AquitaineFather: Louis VII of France Stepmothers: Constance of Castile, at that point Adã ¨le of ChampagneFull kin: sister Alix, Countessâ of Blois; half kin (father Louis VII): Marguerite of France, Alys of France, Philip II of France, Agnes of France. She additionally had half-kin from her moms second marriage, however theres very little proof she associated with them. Marriage, Children: spouse: Henry I, Count of Champagne (wedded 1164)children:Scholastique of Champagne, wedded to William V of MaconHenry II of Champagne, 1166-1197Marie of Champagne, wedded to Baldwin I of ConstantinopleTheobald III of Champagne, 1179-1201

What Its Like To Major In Science Writing at MIT

What It’s Like To Major In Science Writing at MIT As some of you know, I got my masters degree from the Comparative Media Studies program at MIT. While I was a graduate student, CMS merged with Writing  to form CMS/W, which includes the Science Writing program and its associated undergraduate major/minor in Science Writing. According to CMS/W: The curriculum in science writing is designed to enable the student to develop mastery of the craft and rhetoric of writing about the worlds of science and engineering for broad audiences. This writing major is an option for students interested in science journalism, longer forms like the science documentary, and communication issues related to the public understanding of science and technology. It is also designed to work as a complementary major for students majoring in science, engineering, or another field of study at MIT. This major includes a three-subject exposure to an allied field such as science, or comparative media studies. Students also fulfill an internship requirement, which provides in-depth practical experience. Basically, Science Writing is supposed to train you to think and comment publicly on science and technology, i.e. to be a public intellectual. It nicely complements the scientific and technical training that an MIT education provides (see, e.g., Annas posts Writing is useful for science and Maybe its ok to be this way).  You can see the complementarity through the required coursework, like  21W.777 Science Writing in Contemporary Society: Drawing in part from their own interests and ideas, students write about science within various cultural contexts using an array of literary and reportorial tools. Studies the work of contemporary science writers, such as David Quammen and Atul Gawande, and examines the ways in which science and technology are treated in media and popular culture. Discussions focus on students writing and address topics such as false equivalency, covering controversy, and the attenuation of initial observations. Emphasizes long-form narratives; also looks at blogs, social media, and other modes of communication. Not a technical writing class. and 21W.778 Science Journalism: An introduction to print daily journalism and news writing, focusing on science news writing in general, and medical writing in particular. Emphasis is on writing clearly and accurately under deadline pressure. Class discussions involve the realities of modern journalism, how newsrooms function, and the science news coverage in daily publications. Discussions of, and practice in, interviewing and various modes of reporting. In class, students write numerous science news stories on deadline. My friend Seth Mnookin, who wrote a book about the anti-vaccination movement and an incredible New Yorker feature about hyperrare genetic diseases, is teaching  21W.737J Topics and Methods in 21st-Century Journalism this fall: Gives a broad understanding of what it means to produce journalism today. Evaluates the limitations and strengths of specific types of media, ranging from New York Times stories to Twitter feeds. Provides students with tools to effectively communicate their own work and research to non-specialist audiences. Students submit assignments via an online portal, which mimics the style and substance of an online news source. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. But what is it like to major in science writing at MIT? In addition to Annas posts, I wanted to share this reddit post by David B. 11, about his experience (unexpectedly) majoring in Science Writing and going on to become a science writer (among other things). Ive reproduced his post (with permission) unedited below: A bit of backstory: I originally went to MIT for biology. I thought I was going to be a genetic engineer. Ive always had a creative/expressive side as well though, and the two sides were kept very separate. As I got into my second year and started taking more of my course 7 major classes, I started to realize it wasnt for me. A perfect storm of bad academic performance, personal shit, and a nasty pneumonia resulted in me being asked to take a year off. If I came back, I had no idea how I was going to graduate in any reasonable time, and in which degree program. Before I left though, my advisor told me about the science writing program. It was a perfect mix of my science background and my expressive abilities and I wondered why noone had told me about the program sooner! A year later, I came back ready and raring to go. I had already completed all of my graduation prereqs, so it was just a matter of doing all of my major classes over the course of the next year and a half. This meant taking a course load of nearly all writing classes, four or five at a time, but I couldnt have been happier. I was succeeding, and even more, excelling. It was a lot of work, but it felt right. I graduated in 2011, and in just four academic years (plus the one year off). I learned that I didnt have to keep my intellectual and artistic sides separate, and I found a program that perfectly suited me. Writing at MIT is like anything else at MIT, first class. Your instructors are Pulitzer Prize winners and Hugo Award winners. My advisor had worked with PBS and Nova for years. I got to intern in the Harvard Public Relations Department working with and learning from a Pulitzer Prize winner that had been my professor the previous semester. MIT attracts the best and holds itself and its students to the highest standard, and the writing department is no exception. The program at MIT is different from other schools because you still get the MIT experience and culture. You have access to some of the greatest minds and facilities in the world and matriculate with some of the smartest, wildest people you will ever meet. Around the end of junior into senior year, a lot of people learn to stop worrying and love MIT, and those were some of the absolute best times of my life. Also, youll graduate with a Bachelor of Science in Writing, vs a BA from those wimpy liberal arts colleges. The biggest difference youll find is after graduating. While all your CS friends are going off to Google and Facebook, making six figures, times will be tougher for you. I will admit I had a lot of self doubt about the decisions I made and still do question if I made the right choice. But then I realize that Im following my passions and having a blast doing it. Ive always been a performer and wanted to end up in Hollywood as a writer/actor. I got a masters in creative writing for entertainment and moved to LA in April. Ive started working with a great production company and am learning the ropes and climbing a career ladder Ive always wanted to be on. Yes, money is tight. Yes, I sometimes wish course 6 was my thing and I was making bank. But I cant tell you how many times those friends of mine who are making six figures have told me they envy that Im following my passion and having fun for a living. You will notice a lot of weird stares from employers and questions about your resume (if you even get an interviewfuck the job market). Literally every interview Ive had, I get the question, you went to MIT? What are you doing here? But that sets you up for a fantastic response. What do you call a student with a course 6 degree and a student with a course 21W degree? MIT graduates. I turn that question back on them and explain that regardless of what degree anyone ends up with, they go through the MIT wringer. Late nights, hard work, overwhelming pressure and expectations. And no matter what course you take, MIT teaches you life lessons like how to learn and how to persevere in the face of overwhelming odds and how to find self confidence and how to be proactive and go after what you want (and a million more things). That response blows the interviewer away every time. In terms of what kind of jobs to look for, thats up to you. Youre only limited by what you can convince an employer you can do. Obviously with a science background, I was looking at Discovery Channel or Popular Science type things. I worked at a science center for a bit and probably could have run the place eventually if I didnt find it kind of depressing (it was run down and underfunded). Im guessing if youre pursuing a writing degree, you already have some jobs in mind. And it may not seem that the MIT name carries as much weight outside of the science circles, but youll find that smart people know what it is and will value you highly for it. My one bit of advice (and something I wish I had done) is to be proactive about finding jobs and internship opportunities before you graduate. Youll have so many opportunities available to you in that time right before and after graduation that will evaporate a year down the road. So many of my Harvard friends used their experience and the Har vard name to get awesome internships right out of college (The Onion, Colbert Report) and I didnt because I was so focused on just graduating. So reach out to the employers youre interested in as early as possible. If youre thinking about changing your major and youre passionate about writing, follow that passion. Now, if youre in high school looking to go to college for writing, I wouldnt say that MIT would be my first choice. Not that it isnt an incredible place and an incredible experience, but youd save yourself a hell of a lot of stress and sleepless nights by going somewhere else thats a bit more arts focused. The biggest lesson Ive learned though all of this is that everyone has their own path. Its sort of my mantra. Everyone has their own path. Youre gonna compare yourself to everyone around you, and youre going to doubt and second guess your decisions when times are tough. And youre going to get ignored time and time again by jobs and say WHAT THE HELL? I WENT TO MIT, DAMMIT. But everyone has their own path. So find your path.

What Its Like To Major In Science Writing at MIT

What It’s Like To Major In Science Writing at MIT As some of you know, I got my masters degree from the Comparative Media Studies program at MIT. While I was a graduate student, CMS merged with Writing  to form CMS/W, which includes the Science Writing program and its associated undergraduate major/minor in Science Writing. According to CMS/W: The curriculum in science writing is designed to enable the student to develop mastery of the craft and rhetoric of writing about the worlds of science and engineering for broad audiences. This writing major is an option for students interested in science journalism, longer forms like the science documentary, and communication issues related to the public understanding of science and technology. It is also designed to work as a complementary major for students majoring in science, engineering, or another field of study at MIT. This major includes a three-subject exposure to an allied field such as science, or comparative media studies. Students also fulfill an internship requirement, which provides in-depth practical experience. Basically, Science Writing is supposed to train you to think and comment publicly on science and technology, i.e. to be a public intellectual. It nicely complements the scientific and technical training that an MIT education provides (see, e.g., Annas posts Writing is useful for science and Maybe its ok to be this way).  You can see the complementarity through the required coursework, like  21W.777 Science Writing in Contemporary Society: Drawing in part from their own interests and ideas, students write about science within various cultural contexts using an array of literary and reportorial tools. Studies the work of contemporary science writers, such as David Quammen and Atul Gawande, and examines the ways in which science and technology are treated in media and popular culture. Discussions focus on students writing and address topics such as false equivalency, covering controversy, and the attenuation of initial observations. Emphasizes long-form narratives; also looks at blogs, social media, and other modes of communication. Not a technical writing class. and 21W.778 Science Journalism: An introduction to print daily journalism and news writing, focusing on science news writing in general, and medical writing in particular. Emphasis is on writing clearly and accurately under deadline pressure. Class discussions involve the realities of modern journalism, how newsrooms function, and the science news coverage in daily publications. Discussions of, and practice in, interviewing and various modes of reporting. In class, students write numerous science news stories on deadline. My friend Seth Mnookin, who wrote a book about the anti-vaccination movement and an incredible New Yorker feature about hyperrare genetic diseases, is teaching  21W.737J Topics and Methods in 21st-Century Journalism this fall: Gives a broad understanding of what it means to produce journalism today. Evaluates the limitations and strengths of specific types of media, ranging from New York Times stories to Twitter feeds. Provides students with tools to effectively communicate their own work and research to non-specialist audiences. Students submit assignments via an online portal, which mimics the style and substance of an online news source. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. But what is it like to major in science writing at MIT? In addition to Annas posts, I wanted to share this reddit post by David B. 11, about his experience (unexpectedly) majoring in Science Writing and going on to become a science writer (among other things). Ive reproduced his post (with permission) unedited below: A bit of backstory: I originally went to MIT for biology. I thought I was going to be a genetic engineer. Ive always had a creative/expressive side as well though, and the two sides were kept very separate. As I got into my second year and started taking more of my course 7 major classes, I started to realize it wasnt for me. A perfect storm of bad academic performance, personal shit, and a nasty pneumonia resulted in me being asked to take a year off. If I came back, I had no idea how I was going to graduate in any reasonable time, and in which degree program. Before I left though, my advisor told me about the science writing program. It was a perfect mix of my science background and my expressive abilities and I wondered why noone had told me about the program sooner! A year later, I came back ready and raring to go. I had already completed all of my graduation prereqs, so it was just a matter of doing all of my major classes over the course of the next year and a half. This meant taking a course load of nearly all writing classes, four or five at a time, but I couldnt have been happier. I was succeeding, and even more, excelling. It was a lot of work, but it felt right. I graduated in 2011, and in just four academic years (plus the one year off). I learned that I didnt have to keep my intellectual and artistic sides separate, and I found a program that perfectly suited me. Writing at MIT is like anything else at MIT, first class. Your instructors are Pulitzer Prize winners and Hugo Award winners. My advisor had worked with PBS and Nova for years. I got to intern in the Harvard Public Relations Department working with and learning from a Pulitzer Prize winner that had been my professor the previous semester. MIT attracts the best and holds itself and its students to the highest standard, and the writing department is no exception. The program at MIT is different from other schools because you still get the MIT experience and culture. You have access to some of the greatest minds and facilities in the world and matriculate with some of the smartest, wildest people you will ever meet. Around the end of junior into senior year, a lot of people learn to stop worrying and love MIT, and those were some of the absolute best times of my life. Also, youll graduate with a Bachelor of Science in Writing, vs a BA from those wimpy liberal arts colleges. The biggest difference youll find is after graduating. While all your CS friends are going off to Google and Facebook, making six figures, times will be tougher for you. I will admit I had a lot of self doubt about the decisions I made and still do question if I made the right choice. But then I realize that Im following my passions and having a blast doing it. Ive always been a performer and wanted to end up in Hollywood as a writer/actor. I got a masters in creative writing for entertainment and moved to LA in April. Ive started working with a great production company and am learning the ropes and climbing a career ladder Ive always wanted to be on. Yes, money is tight. Yes, I sometimes wish course 6 was my thing and I was making bank. But I cant tell you how many times those friends of mine who are making six figures have told me they envy that Im following my passion and having fun for a living. You will notice a lot of weird stares from employers and questions about your resume (if you even get an interviewfuck the job market). Literally every interview Ive had, I get the question, you went to MIT? What are you doing here? But that sets you up for a fantastic response. What do you call a student with a course 6 degree and a student with a course 21W degree? MIT graduates. I turn that question back on them and explain that regardless of what degree anyone ends up with, they go through the MIT wringer. Late nights, hard work, overwhelming pressure and expectations. And no matter what course you take, MIT teaches you life lessons like how to learn and how to persevere in the face of overwhelming odds and how to find self confidence and how to be proactive and go after what you want (and a million more things). That response blows the interviewer away every time. In terms of what kind of jobs to look for, thats up to you. Youre only limited by what you can convince an employer you can do. Obviously with a science background, I was looking at Discovery Channel or Popular Science type things. I worked at a science center for a bit and probably could have run the place eventually if I didnt find it kind of depressing (it was run down and underfunded). Im guessing if youre pursuing a writing degree, you already have some jobs in mind. And it may not seem that the MIT name carries as much weight outside of the science circles, but youll find that smart people know what it is and will value you highly for it. My one bit of advice (and something I wish I had done) is to be proactive about finding jobs and internship opportunities before you graduate. Youll have so many opportunities available to you in that time right before and after graduation that will evaporate a year down the road. So many of my Harvard friends used their experience and the Har vard name to get awesome internships right out of college (The Onion, Colbert Report) and I didnt because I was so focused on just graduating. So reach out to the employers youre interested in as early as possible. If youre thinking about changing your major and youre passionate about writing, follow that passion. Now, if youre in high school looking to go to college for writing, I wouldnt say that MIT would be my first choice. Not that it isnt an incredible place and an incredible experience, but youd save yourself a hell of a lot of stress and sleepless nights by going somewhere else thats a bit more arts focused. The biggest lesson Ive learned though all of this is that everyone has their own path. Its sort of my mantra. Everyone has their own path. Youre gonna compare yourself to everyone around you, and youre going to doubt and second guess your decisions when times are tough. And youre going to get ignored time and time again by jobs and say WHAT THE HELL? I WENT TO MIT, DAMMIT. But everyone has their own path. So find your path.

Questions On Rationale For Study Essay - 1884 Words

Table of contents 1. Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 2. Background -------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 3. Rationale for Study ----------------------------------------------------------------------4 4. Purpose and Aims -----------------------------------------------------------------------5 5. Literature Review ------------------------------------------------------------------------6 6. Research methods ---------------------------------------------------------------------10 7. Expected findings ----------------------------------------------------------------------10 8. References -------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 1. Introduction Individuals migrate to other countries to gain more comfortable lifestyle and learning the inter-cultural relationships. New arrivals have their worries about the situations connected to racial engagements during their daily life. The exclusion is not just existing in schools, but also happening in the workplace in host countries (Soutphommasane 2013). New immigrants, especially the people who hold permanent resettlement visas, experience a new environment and have to play a new social role. Since they have their cultural backgrounds, they might find it difficult to associate with the host countries concerning their gender, mother tongue, education, race, and socialShow MoreRelatedPresenting the Rationale for the Field-Study, Its Aims and Scope, the Research Questions, Significance, Methods, and Design of the Field-Study.11884 Words   |  48 PagesCHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION This chapter aims at presenting the rationale for the field-study, its aims and scope, the research questions, significance, methods, and design of the field-study. 1.1 Introduction It is a common assertion that materials in general play a crucial part in language learning (Robinson, 1991; Nunan, 1991). This accounts for the fact that discussions of the roles of materials appear in almost all books on course design. 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Solar Energy Is A Great Source Of Renewable Energy

Solar energy is now a great source of renewable energy. Due to the limited stock of fossil fuel, solar panel systems become more popular day by day. Now Industries, houses and defensive forces are using solar panel systems to generate power. The solar panels generate power from sun radiation. Solar cells are also known as Photovoltaic (PV) cells. When sunlight with a specific frequency hits metal, loosely bound electrons emit from the metal as shown in Figure 1. A potential difference is created in between the cathode and the anode. When the anode and the cathode connect, current flows. Solar panel systems use this mechanism to generate power. Then, generated power is carried out to the battery to store and distribute to the load. The main obstacle for solar panel systems is night and cloudy weather, due to low solar radiation. Figure 1: Electrons emitted from metal with solar radiation Many procedures and complications involved with the system. It is necessary to know how the panel produces power in various conditions. The procedures of storing the power in the batteries and what kind of batteries need to be used is also necessary to know. However, power distribution is also an important term that needs to be learned for solar panel installation. Synopsis My final project will be a sun tracking solar panel system. Stationary solar panels are not capable of generating the same amount of power throughout the day as the sun moves. If solarShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits Of Renewable Source Of Energy893 Words   |  4 Pagesbiodiesel burns much cleaner than diesel fuel (Berget al., 2011). According to Bosch and his colleagues, the demand for renewable source of energy is exceeding political agendas (2015). Renewable energies is in great interest of developed countries that lack fossil fuels (Bosch et al., 2015). 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Explain Why the Nep Was Unpopular with Many Communists in...

Explain why the NEP was unpopular with many communists in the 1920’s USSR. The NEP, abbreviation for the ‘New Economic Policy’, was a number of policies deployed by Vladimir Lenin to improve the conditions of post war USSR. The NEP replaced the system of War Communism which was used between 1918 and 1921. The main motive for the War Communism policy was to support and supply the Red Army with food and weapons during the Russian Civil War. However, after the war the country was in turmoil and the majority of the Soviet Union’s population suffered hardship and poverty. This was when a quick solution was needed to revamp the Russian economy and the NEP policies were the solution. The NEP was made to balance the needs of the well of and†¦show more content†¦Other European countries used much more modernised equipments. However, the NEP does not encourage this modernisation which could in fact dramatically improve the country’s economy. Grain export was the most important source for their agriculture yet the exports were thre e fourth lower than it was a decade ago. This left the Russian economy to be far behind in modernisation than any other European countries. Modernisation was pivotal as it can enhance a country’s strength in many ways. Most importantly, it would help support Russia’s military at a time where an invasion to any European country could be foreseen. The Communists were afraid of this, since they were prone to any invasion with their weapons being out of date. The Communists felt they should be a major industrialization powerhouse against other European rivals such as Germany however the NEP would make the country even more vulnerable. Moreover, peasant realised feeding themselves is more important than buying insignificant consumer goods. So, they held grain for themselves and the grain export seems to have been abandoned. A system scale of individual peasant farming under the NEP couldn’t support plans for industrialisation and the Communists were out of favour for this plan and so, the current NEP policy needs to be replaced by a more vigorous and rapid one. Developing the Russian economy would further be significant as there was an increase in unemployment. The idleness wasShow MoreRelatedLenin13422 Words   |  54 PagesVladimir Ilyich Lenin Ð’Ð »Ã °Ã ´Ã ¸Ã ¼Ã ¸Ã'€ ИÐ »Ã'Å'Ð ¸Ã'‡ ЛÐ µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã ½ | | Lenin in 1920 | Chairman of the Council of People s Commissars of the Soviet Union (Premier of the Soviet Union) | In office 30 December 1922  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 21 January 1924 | Preceded by | Position created | Succeeded by | Alexei Rykov | Chairman of the Council of People s Commissars of the Russian SFSR | In office 8 November 1917  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 21 January 1924 | Preceded by | Position created | Succeeded by | Alexei Rykov | Member of the Politburo

Safety And Quality Health Service Standards -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Safety And Quality Health Service Standards? Answer: Introducation In the provision of healthcare, person-centred care (PCC) is the practice of patients caring and for their families in several ways that are valuable and meaningful for the individual patient. According to Institute of Medicine (IOM), treatment provided to patients that is responsive and respectful taking their values, needs and preferences into consideration where values of patients guide throughout all clinical decisions (Feinberg 2014). National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS) Standards also explains that PCC is an important dimension of safety and quality where healthcare delivery is responsive to preferences and needs of patients (McCormack et al. 2012). In current literature, PCC is described as visit-based assessments that involve communication with healthcare professionals playing an important role in building relationships (Zhao et al. 2016). Therefore, the following essay uncovers the concept of PCC through patient interview linked to NSQHS and Registered Nurse St andards for Practice. PCC is different from patient centred care that former focuses on the accumulation of knowledge from patients and family members about needs and preferences over time and provides appropriate care regarding needs in the context of other needs (Carlstrm and Ekman 2012). Person-centred care demonstrates patient regarded as the person considering circumstances and standpoint for decision-making process (Eaton, Roberts and Turner 2015). This also extends beyond setting goals for the patient. PCC involves the doctor-patient encounter style characterized by specific responsiveness to preferences and needs of the patients using informed wishes guiding interaction, activity, information giving and participation in decision-making. PCC has health outcomes for patients and their family members. PCC interventions enhance the quality of care and self-care behaviour performances. In a study conducted by (Morgan and Yoder (2012) illustrated that communication that occurs during PCC is correlated with perceptions of patients helping them find common ground. Positive perceptions were found to be associated with fact and better recovery from pain and discomfort. During a visit, communication greatly influences the health of patients through perceptions especially when it is achieved through common good improving their health status and increasing efficiency of care and reduction of referrals and diagnostic tests. In a research, it was analysed that positive patient-centred care in a primary setting is associated with a decrease in healthcare services utilization (Munthe, Sandman and Cutas 2012). This is greatly associated with the reduction in annual medical care charges that is an important outcome in PCC regarding me dical visits. PCC has demonstrated a practical style that emphasizes on patient activation and reduction in care charges. Person-centred communication is associated with medical resources utilization demonstrating that patients who are patient-centred and perceived their visits have few diagnostic tests and referrals. The patient was admitted with the initial injury at the right toe that needed longer time to heal. The principles of PCC was applied in the given context to enhance the process of recovery. PCC carry out in settings encompassing visits. Interaction or communication is involved where the quality of interactions between healthcare professionals and patients that equate PPC with communication skills. Among fundamental component in care PCC is characterized by shared understanding, healing relationships, trust, emotional support, patient participation, activation, enablement and informed choices (Wildevuur and Simonse 2015). This is depicted in the patient interview that was undertaken during my current work placement at the rehabilitation ward. I interviewed a patient, Mr ABC, a 69-year-old male patient who is suffering from right below knee amputation (right BKA). The patients medical history depicts that there is non-healing wound @ R Leg, left 4th and 5th toe wound, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), underwent Stents Triple Bypass in 2009, Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABS) in 2006, peripheral neuropathy, depression, hypertension and peripheral vascular disease (PVD). The patient is under a detailed health plan with ongoing physiotherapy, occupational therapy (OT) assessment, regular dressing of wound with more area infected on right side and monitoring of 4th 5th toe wound provided with weaning dose of Pregabalin. The patients social background depicted that he lived in a two-story building and was an ex-smoker until he gave up smoking in 2010. These details about the patient are important for patient-centred care in the provision of care. Before interview, informed consent was taken from the patient to know about his willingness to participate in the interview. As the infection of the patient spread throughout the legs, it is essential to provide patient centred care that was given to him in the orthopaedic ward. Hence, under the given situation, Mr..ABC were given the patient cantered care that was needed in the aspects of preventing further infection. As part of the PCC, the patient was given Knee Amputation treatment that are provided by the multi-disciplinary team. Regular family meetings were also held, which ensured that the family got proper information about the patient condition. They were also able to take part in the part of decision making process. This is believed to be a part of the education that are provided by the family as a part of the patient centred care. Through the education, it is also possible to promote the heath related facts to the patient family. Earlier, person-centred care was focused on the relationship between physician or care team and patient. In case of MR ABC, the same was provided to deal with the issues of anxiety and stress. This can also help to deal with the financial stress that are encountered by the family. This relationship is still integral. However, changes to healthcare system have taken place where broader factors are considered that also affect PPC and health experiences. The biopsychosocial model or framework as a paradigm that is used in PCC to understand the cultural and social environment along with the psychological impact that environment has on an individual as important as biological factors and genetics are important (McKay et al. 2012). This is the reason he social background of Mr ABC was asked. This person-centred model suggests using integrated patient knowledge within the ethical framework where patient's rights are respected and inculcate them in their provision of care. Five conceptual di mensions have been identified in biopsychosocial perspective comprising of patient as person, therapeutic alliance, and doctor as person and sharing of power and responsibilities (Hebblethwaite 2013). This perspective is crucial in understanding and honouring the needs and preferences of the patient and valuing their rights. Concisely, biopsychosocial model conceptualize illness and disorders as the interaction between hierarchical levels from biological to social to psychological levels. PCC uses five key principles; valuing people, autonomy, life experience, understanding relationships and environment. Valuing people suggests that healthcare providers need to treat individuals with respect and dignity and be aware of their supporting personal perspectives, beliefs, values and preferences (Munthe, Sandman and Cutas 2012). The healthcare provider and patient should listen to each other and work in partnership for designing and delivering healthcare services. Autonomy is the provision of choice, and there is respect for choices that are made that balances risks, rights and responsibilities. There is proper optimization of persons control as there is sharing of power and active participation in decision-making (Elwyn et al. 2012). This helps to maximize independence that is built on strengths, abilities and interest of individuals. Life experiences are the support that is provided to patients supporting their sense of self and understanding the importance of history of a patient until present-day experiences. This is greatly evident in the interview where the past medical history of Mr ABC was taken into consideration as it determines the plan of care and their hopes for the future. There is also understanding of relationships that make collaborative interactions between service provider and user, between staffing levels and their carers. Through local community, social connectedness is also promoted where one engages in meaningful activities. The environment encompasses organizational values underpinning the PCC principles. There is responsive support making healthcare provides responsive to individual needs. Organization-wide planning and efforts strengthen individuals and enhance organizational learning. These factors greatly help to guide PCC stimulating active consideration of persons preferences, needs and active participation in intervention selection, goal setting and have positive health outcomes. PCC has been recognized as a broad concept in high-quality healthcare provision. There should be safe, effective, timely, equitable and efficient quality of care for individuals by service providers. Care given should be responsive and respectful enduring that every needs and preference of individuals are governed. In the provision of quality of care, NSQHS suggests that PCC should be provided to individuals at every level of care. Patients experiences about the quality of care provided refer to the experience level where it is mandatory to provide care in such a manner where it should be respectful by careful demonstration of effective communication and sharing of information between service provider and user. The participation of patients and their families is greatly encourages and supported. At the clinical level, patients and their family advisors should also participate in the overall designing of services and programs. The members of quality improvement should take active part icipation in the program with redesigning of teams and participation in planning, implementation and evaluation of change (Entwistle and Watt 2013). At the organizational level, it is quite mandatory to include departments, services and programs for providing quality care. The patients and their families need to be encouraged to be fully active participants in organizational committees for designing and working of facilities for patient safety, patient or family education, quality improvement and research. At the environmental level, patients and their family members perspectives are taken into consideration informing local, federal, state policy agencies for program development. The reimbursements and expectations are set and incentives development encouraging and supporting engagement of individuals and their families in clinical decision making process in healthcare at all levels (Safetyandquality.gov.au 2012). PCC is greatly informed by Australian College of Nursing (ACN) and Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) standards that promote professional behaviour and effective communication by nurses and midwives while communicating with the patient. Under the Principle 2 of person-centred care by ACN, there is recognition of power imbalances between nurse and person professional relationship in addressing the issue of supportive and collaborative practice in clinical-decision making (Safetyandquality.gov.au 2010). There should also be effective communication between service provider and user regarding health literacy. In PCC, health literacy between nurse and person is important and therefore, should avoid practices enhancing health literacy. For supporting shared-decision making, nurses should take PCC approach for the management of person's concerns in a consistent manner by preferences and values of person. There should be safe nursing practice that is supported by shared-decision making in the provision of care. The PCC model is based on healthcare providers knowledge, confidence and understanding of collaborative care in planning for person. ACN believes that PCC principle is central tenet that underpins delivery of health and nursing care. This nursing standard states that every person should be treated as an individual and it is nurses moral duty to protect persons dignity. While providing care, nurses should respect the preferences and rights of person (Ross, Tod and Clarke 2015). As person-centred communication is involved in PCC, there should be development of therapeutic relationship between care recipients and care providers that are based on mutual understanding and trust. The ability of a nurse in delivering PCC is determined by their attributes, nursing practice and care environment. There should be well-developed interpersonal skills, commitment to person care, self-awareness and professional values. Nurses should also demonstrate professional competence like skills, knowledge, values, attitudes and judgment. They should empower person in making informed decisions and care planning providing holistic care. Care environment elements should support PCC having appropriate staff mix and transformational leadership enabling effective nursing teams development with shared power, supportive workplace and effective organizations. Concisely, ACN supports healthcare organizations in designing and implementing policies that support PCC achieving balance between q uality of care and economic imperatives (Pope 2012). From the above discussion, it can be concluded that PCC is a high priority where the person is involved in the provision of care providing the high quality of healthcare. The provision of care put people at central tenant improving the quality of healthcare services available. This model takes into consideration people needs and preferences while providing care and empower them to become more active in decision-making process. The discussion also explains that PCC improves the quality of care and promote safety by improving the health of people and reducing the burden of disease. The core elements of PCC include access to care and practices conducive towards patient experiences emerged from medical, nursing and health policy literature. PCC is built on biopsychosocial model taking social, psychological and biological levels into consideration concerning health. ACN also believed in PCC and nursing practice is built on this philosophy of emphasizing and strengthening individuals in th e provision of care. References Carlstrm, E.D. and Ekman, I., 2012. Organisational culture and change: implementing person-centred care.Journal of health organization and management,26(2), pp.175-191. Eaton, S., Roberts, S. and Turner, B., 2015. Delivering person centred care in long term conditions.Bmj,350, p.h181. Elwyn, G., Frosch, D., Thomson, R., Joseph-Williams, N., Lloyd, A., Kinnersley, P., Cording, E., Tomson, D., Dodd, C., Rollnick, S. and Edwards, A., 2012. Shared decision making: a model for clinical practice.Journal of general internal medicine,27(10), pp.1361-1367. Entwistle, V.A. and Watt, I.S., 2013. Treating patients as persons: a capabilities approach to support delivery of person-centered care.The American Journal of Bioethics,13(8), pp.29-39. Feinberg, L.F., 2014. Moving toward person-and family-centered care.Public Policy Aging Report,24(3), pp.97-101. Hebblethwaite, S., 2013. " I Think That It Could Work But...": Tensions Between the Theory and Practice of Person-Centred and Relationship-Centred Care.Therapeutic Recreation Journal,47(1), p.13. McCormack, B., Borg, M., Cardiff, S., Dewing, J., Jacobs, G., Janes, N., Karlsson, B., McCance, T., Mekki, T.E., Porock, D. and Van Lieshout, F., 2015. Person-centredness-the'state'of the art.International Practice Development Journal,5. McKay, R., McDonald, R., Lie, D. and McGowan, H., 2012. Reclaiming the best of the biopsychosocial model of mental health care and recoveryfor older people through a person-centredapproach.Australasian Psychiatry,20(6), pp.492-495. Morgan, S. and Yoder, L.H., 2012. A concept analysis of person-centered care.Journal of Holistic Nursing,30(1), pp.6-15. Munthe, C., Sandman, L. and Cutas, D., 2012. Person centred care and shared decision making: implications for ethics, public health and research.Health Care Analysis,20(3), pp.231-249. Munthe, C., Sandman, L. and Cutas, D., 2012. Person centred care and shared decision making: implications for ethics, public health and research.Health Care Analysis,20(3), pp.231-249. Pope, T., 2012. How person-centred care can improve nurses attitudes to hospitalised older patients.Nursing Older People,24(1), pp.32-37. Ross, H., Tod, A.M. and Clarke, A., 2015. Understanding and achieving person?centred care: the nurse perspective.Journal of clinical nursing,24(9-10), pp.1223-1233. Safetyandquality.gov.au. (2010).Patient-Centred Care: Improving Quality and Safety By Focusing Care On Patients And Consumers. [online] Available at: https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/PCCC-DiscussPaper.pdf [Accessed 18 Jan. 2018]. Safetyandquality.gov.au. (2012).National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards. [online] Available at: https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/PCCC-DiscussPaper.pdf [Accessed 18 Jan. 2018]. Wildevuur, S.E. and Simonse, L.W., 2015. Information and communication technologyenabled person-centered care for the big five chronic conditions: scoping review.Journal of medical Internet research,17(3). Zhao, J., Gao, S., Wang, J., Liu, X. and Hao, Y., 2016. Differentiation between two healthcare concepts: Person-centered and patient-centered care.International Journal of Nursing Sciences,3(4), pp.398-402.

Ethics in Statistics free essay sample

There are a number of possible ways in which unethical behavior can arise in statistics and researchers should steer clear of these. It is relatively simple to manipulate and hide data, projecting only what one desires and not what the numbers actually speak, thus giving birth to the famous phrase â€Å"Lies, damned lies and statistics†. However, this doesn’t happen all the time and there is no reason not to believe in the conclusions of a statistical analysis (Siddharth, 2010). Ethics in statistics is not straightforward and can be quite complex at times.It also greatly depends on what kind of statistical analysis is being done. Unethical behavior might arise at any point – from data collection to data interpretation. For example, data collection can be made inherently biased by posing the wrong questions that stimulate strong emotions rather than objective realities. This happens all the time when the survey is aimed to try and prove a viewpoint rather than find out the truth (Cruz, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics in Statistics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Other unethical behaviors might include scientists not including data outliers in their report and analysis to validate their theory or viewpoint.This happens both in pure and social sciences. By obscuring data or taking only the data points that reinforce a particular theory, scientists are indulging in unethical behavior (Morales, 2010). Ethics in statistics are very important during data representation as well. Numbers don’t lie but their interpretation and representation can be misleading. For example, after a broad survey of many customers, a company might decide to publish and make available only the numbers and figures that reflect well on the company and either totally neglect or not give due importance to other figures.Surveys and polls often indulge in unethical behavior to reinforce a viewpoint. For example, a survey might not reflect true public opinion because it is not statistically significant. However, many surveys do not publish this along with their poll and this can be misleading. As a researcher it is important to be objective and provide the complete picture that has been obtained from the experiment without hiding any details or overemphasizing something for personal gain. Ethics in statistics are important to give the right direction to research so that it is objective and reflects the truth. In February 2001, Enron was named exceedingly unfathomable, meanwhile they â€Å"window dress† their books in effort to hide their debts and Wall Street remained in the dark. August of 2001 Enron’s Vice President Sherron Watkins wrote an anonymous letter to Mr. Lay describing accounting methods that she felt would lead the company to â€Å"implode in a wave of accounting scandals† (North, 2005). On 14th August2001 Jeff Skilling, the chief executive, resigned and was replaced by Kenneth Lay. Mr. Kenneth Lay, once again CEO emailed his employees stating that they expected the company’s stock prices to go up. On the other hand, Mr. Lay sold off his own stock in Enron. Kenneth Lay also took $300 million over three years, for the purpose of services rendered to the company. On 12th October 2001, Arthur Anderson’s legal counsel directed workers who audit Enron’s books to destroy all except the basic documents. The real scandal broke on 16th October 2001 when Enron announced that they loss $638 million, due to â€Å"failure of its internet investment†. Immediately the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) announced that they were investigating Enron. See, Enron had adopted an accounting technique called the Special Purpose Entity (SPE).Initially Enron used SPE appropriately by placing non energy related business into separate legal entities. On the other hand they tried to manufacture earnings by manipulating the capital structure of the SPE by hiding their losses and they did not have independent outside partners that prevented full disclosure. Also they did not disclose the risks in their financial statements. Enron had made agreements with approximately 3,000 off balance sheet entities. How Enron used SPE’s for off Balance Sheet formatting In order to keep up, Enron to borrowed money to invest into new projects.Enron then created partnerships with lenders to keep the debt off its books. Chewco Investments was one of the partnerships that allowed Enron to keep $600 million in debt off the books it showed to the government and to people who own Enron stock (Norton). Seeing that this debt never appeared in Enrons reports, it made Enron seem extremely financially successful. Enron’s auditing firm, Andersen, one of the world’s five leading accounting firms at the time received millions of dollars the majority of which was not for auditing (North, 2005).Arthur Andersen allegedly applied irresponsible standards in their audits due to conflict of interest over the substantial consulting fees generated by Enron. In 2000, Arthur Andersen was paid $25 million in audit fees and $27 million in consulting fees (this amount accounted for roughly 27% of the audit fees of public clients for Arthur Andersens Houston office). The auditors methods were probed as either being completed for conflicted reasons or a lack of capability to sufficiently assess the financial convolutions Enron employed (Healy ; Palepu, 2003).Enron scandal resulted in shareholders loss amounting to nearly $11 billion when it plunged to less than $1 by the end of November 2001. When the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) began their investigation, Dynegy offered to purchase the company at a fire sale price. Soon that deal fell through and Enron filed for bankruptcy on December 2, 2001. Enron filed under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code, and with assets of $63. 4 billion, it was by landscape the largest corporate bankruptcy in U. S. istory until WorldComs 2002 bankruptcy (Benston, 2003). On the very same day Enron filed for bankruptcy, they slapped Dynegy with a lawsuit for $10 billion, claiming that they breach the contract. The Enron scandal captivated everyone’s attention worldwide. Enron not only robbed $70 billion of shareholder assessment, but they also evaded on tens of billions of dollars in debts. Enron, at the time, employed 20,000 people. The employees of Enron did not only lose their jobs but they also lost their life savings when Enron’s stock dived.Due to the fact that Enron had close to $67 billion owed to its creditors, employees and shareholders were only able to receive limited, if any, assistance aside from severance from Enron (The New York Times, 2003). In order for Enron to pay its creditors, they held auctions selling its assets, such as art, photographs, logo signs, and its pipeline (Vogel, 2003). As investors, we put our trust in the economic system’s â€Å"gatekeepers† (North 2005). We rely on the knowledge and ethical standards of the accountants, the financial intermediaries and government regulators.When gatekeepers fail to inform us, the investors, of companies’ breach of ethics and lowering of standards, they too should be held accountable. Organizations tried avoiding breach of its ethical standards, by increasing the programs and workshops in order to help management and employees develop strong ethical principles. Companies that executed ethical programs have deterred and regulate transgression amongst employees. Organizations identified that effective business ethics programs are good for business performance (Ferrell, Fraedrich and Ferrell 12).Companies realized that not only did ethical practices and fair judgments of employees strengthened employees’ commitment and trust, it also attracted investors. Because employees and organizations were closely linked to consumers, the ethical conduct with the consumer increased the customer grati fication and customer trustworthiness. The use of ethical practice helps motivate employees and steer them in the right direction. It can also prepare managers to make ethical decisions when it is hard to differentiate right from wrong.

Free Essays on Microsoft Timeline

October 1997 – In October of 1997, the Justice Department sued the Microsoft Corporation, alleging the software maker required computer manufacturers to ship Microsoft's Internet Explorer Web browser on PCs loaded with Windows 95. Attorney General Janet Reno also asks a federal court to impose penalties of $1 million per day.In December of that same year, U.S. District Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson issued a preliminary injunction forcing Microsoft to stop, at least temporarily, requiring manufacturers who sell Windows 95 to install Microsoft's Internet Explorer. Microsoft appealed. In May of 1998, regulators from the Justice Department and 20 states launch one of the biggest antitrust assaults of the century, accusing Microsoft of using its dominance in computer software to drive competitors out of business. The filing comes after negotiations between the government and Microsoft officials break down Nov. 5, 1999 - U.S. District Court judge finds that Microsoft holds monopoly power in the market for PC operating systems, and the company's actions harmed consumers. Nov. 19, 1999 - District Court judge appoints federal appeals judge, Richard Posner, to serve as a mediator to handle the negotiations between Microsoft and the government. April 1, 2000 - Judge Posner announces the end of negotiations between Microsoft and the government after four fruitless months of talks, setting the stage for a verdict by Judge Jackson. April 3, 2000 - Judge Jackson rules Microsoft violated the nation's antitrust laws by using its monopoly power in personal computer operating systems to stifle competition. April 28, 2000 - The Justice Department and a group of state attorneys general ask Judge Jackson to split Microsoft into two separate companies: one devoted to the Windows operating system, and the second to Microsoft's other businesses, including popular software applications such as Microsoft Office. Sept. 26, 2000 - In a victory ... Free Essays on Microsoft Timeline Free Essays on Microsoft Timeline October 1997 – In October of 1997, the Justice Department sued the Microsoft Corporation, alleging the software maker required computer manufacturers to ship Microsoft's Internet Explorer Web browser on PCs loaded with Windows 95. Attorney General Janet Reno also asks a federal court to impose penalties of $1 million per day.In December of that same year, U.S. District Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson issued a preliminary injunction forcing Microsoft to stop, at least temporarily, requiring manufacturers who sell Windows 95 to install Microsoft's Internet Explorer. Microsoft appealed. In May of 1998, regulators from the Justice Department and 20 states launch one of the biggest antitrust assaults of the century, accusing Microsoft of using its dominance in computer software to drive competitors out of business. The filing comes after negotiations between the government and Microsoft officials break down Nov. 5, 1999 - U.S. District Court judge finds that Microsoft holds monopoly power in the market for PC operating systems, and the company's actions harmed consumers. Nov. 19, 1999 - District Court judge appoints federal appeals judge, Richard Posner, to serve as a mediator to handle the negotiations between Microsoft and the government. April 1, 2000 - Judge Posner announces the end of negotiations between Microsoft and the government after four fruitless months of talks, setting the stage for a verdict by Judge Jackson. April 3, 2000 - Judge Jackson rules Microsoft violated the nation's antitrust laws by using its monopoly power in personal computer operating systems to stifle competition. April 28, 2000 - The Justice Department and a group of state attorneys general ask Judge Jackson to split Microsoft into two separate companies: one devoted to the Windows operating system, and the second to Microsoft's other businesses, including popular software applications such as Microsoft Office. Sept. 26, 2000 - In a victory ...

Cognitive Dissonance Impacts Repurchase Intention Research Paper

Cognitive Dissonance Impacts Repurchase Intention - Research Paper Example The moments immediately after purchase, trigger a series of thoughts in the minds of customers. The consequence of losing other substitute choices and impact of gaining alternate choices together can produce mental irregularity, thus, compelling the customer to reconsider the insight of the purchase decision (Kassarjian & Cohen, 1965). Statement of the Problem Cognitive dissonance occurs when a purchaser becomes dissonant about his/her purchase decision. The research seeks to investigate the problem of cognitive dissonance to understand what aspects lead to dissatisfaction after a purchase decision. A dissonant consumer can return a product or discontinue use of a particular service. The concept of cognitive dissonance is much important for organizations because it can significantly impact on the customers’ post purchasing behavior (Hamza & Zakkaria, 2012). The major problem studied in this research is to understand the consequence of cognitive dissonance on the repurchase int ention of customers. The research findings in this paper will help businesses to understand better how to retain a customer by reducing the dissonance. The purpose of this research is to examine how cognitive dissonance among consumers can lead to a decrease in customer repurchase. Significance of the Problem The significance of this problem is prevalent in customer retention. Drege (1991) depicted that most companies have a customer acquisition strategy, but few companies have a customer retention strategy. Once companies acquire customers they do not develop a plan to keep them for long-run. Many times, it can be observed especially in retail segment that customer returns or exchanges product because of dissatisfaction. Thus, businesses suffer because the relationship they have with the consumer is not managed well. Businesses also face impact heavily from a lost sale, which results in acquiring a returned product that has lost its value. If there is a way to reduce the dissonance that a consumer feels after purchase behavior, it could lead to positive impacts for the consumer and businesses. The problem of dissonance also represents other significant issue concerning consumers that often experience of dissatisfaction, and failure to complaints result in silent departure of customers from using the company’s services. According to Chebat, Davidow, & Codjovi (2005), a silent loss can create negative impacts on companies such as losing a customer, along with their lifetime flow of revenue. The other negative impact silent losses have on companies is the inability to address the problem at hand. Dissatisfied customers who never protest are subject to multiple losses due to similar reasons. Companies cannot fix problems they do not know to exist. When companies fail to adhere to dissonant customers, they run the risk of harmful word-of-mouth reviews. There are only few investigative researches undertaken about the impact of cognitive dissonance and repurc hase intention of customers. Therefore, there is a requirement for increased number of experimental research where relationship between these two variables can be analyzed. This research can further be studied by analyzing respondents about the reason for remaining in good relationship with an organization for a longer period of time. Literature Review According to the observation of Leon, cognitive dissonance is related with the relationships about understandings of people.

Green Technology against Global Warming Research Paper

Green Technology against Global Warming - Research Paper Example Green Technology involves the design, operation, construction, renovation and maintenance, and even demolition. All these processes must be environmentally responsible for mitigating the effect of global warming. The green building and the technology behind it strives to reduce the effect of the built environment is having on the natural environment and human health by implementing the following; reduction of the effect of pollution, wastes,   and environmental degradation, improvement of the employees productivity, and efficient use of water, energy and other naturally available resources. The Green industry technology is being embraced by every country in the world; this is towards the concerted effort to reduce check on the global warming. The technology provides employment to any individual in the world and several firms have associated themselves with the technology. In the United States alone, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported on March 2012 that the industry employs about 3.1 million employees (Rider, Glass, & McNaughton, 2011). This translated to about 2.4% of the total national employment in the nation according to the 2010 statistic in the US, the report further cited (Rider, Glass, & McNaughton, 2011). The industry contributes significantly to the environment in more than one way. The technology employs many factors in ensuring that the environment remains undisturbed and therefore fit for human and plants habitation by ensuring the following;   that there is a significant reduction in the waste that is discharged into the environment as well the pollution of the environment. The technology also prevents environmental degradation, which involves depleting resources such as water, air, and soil (Yudelson, 2007). The technology also takes care of the ecosystem and the vast flora and fauna in their various habitats. The technology ensures the ecosystem of remains stable and that the environment disadvantages no organism.

Case Studies of Organizational Change

Case Studies of Organizational Change CASE BACKGROUND The RTAs approach was to just involve the executive level management and the consultants in the strategy making process without including the middle and lower level management. The approach of the company shows its high level confidence in its top level management and it wants none other those to get involved in the decisions which are of utmost importance to the company and all of its employees (Heathfield). There are both positive and the negative aspects of such a strategy. Taking this change management policy positively, the company wants do not want any kind of issue arising during its process of changing the organizational management to save its time, energy and the focus which is a good decision in itself but if we consider the negative side of this strategy, the company will not have that support from its lower and the middle position employees which is very essential in order to have success in achieving the targets of changing the organization and in the worse case they eve n may fail to accept it at all. ISSUES INVOLVED The concept of organizational change is a wide process aiming at achieving some overall goals and objectives rather than the smaller change. This includes the big changes like the change in mission, restructuring the operations, changes in the technologies, re-engineering, major collaborations, etc. (Basic Context for Organizational Change) Such changes may be regarded as the changes that re-orientate the whole fundamentals in which the organization operates. These changes are the ones which affects the being and the corporate lives of each and everybody in the organization. THEORETICAL UNPINNING OF THE ISSUES INVOLVED In order to achieve certain organizational and group goals, the involvement of those very elements in the organization that are very close to these setting up of goals along with those who are going to be highly affected with that is very important. It can never be expected the one hundred percent support from any employee to support the changes made in his work or way of work who was not involved in the process of decision which will have a long lasting impact on his work. For such changes to succeed the involvement of those individuals whose working is going to get highly effected is very essential. Though it is quite admissible that during the changes, especially the ones which have an effect on the whole organization, the involvement of each and every individual is not possible but it would be highly worthy to try the involvement of the individuals as much as possible from the lower as well as the middle management. ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The changes in such a strategy is quite possible with a program that in a way involves these lower and the middle level management too, but not affecting the positive interest of the company for which it was adopted in that way. The changes can be explained as follows: If the role of the middle management as a whole cannot affect the overall decision of the change, at least the involvement of each and every employee in taking the meaningful decisions which involves their own work or the work of their respective unit or group. During the change management process, the suggestion for the changes can be taken from the middle management in the form of survey or the request for the submission of the changes to the executive management or the consultants can be taken. This would not only help the top level management in making the changes but would also involve all the employees in the organization. The suggestions which are found effective enough can be called for the discussion in the conference center and in this way the middle position managers having the considerably effective and the efficient ideas can have a chance to make a big contribution in the change management process. CONCLUSIONS With the certain involvement of the middle or the lower level management in the decisions related to the change management the immense amount of support and the confidence from the employees will be confirmed for such decisions by the executive level management and also with these suggested changes in the process of the change management, Al Ammeri can get his ideas considered and if found feasible by the consultants and the executives he can get those included. Organizational Situation 2: Why is Cultural change so hard? CASE BACKGROUND Fatima Al Hebsi is a student of a Master Degree at BHMeU and her discipline is change course management. In her first interview, she was offered the job as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Organizational Change Consultantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  for an old and well established electric power company. The company is expected to make major organizational changes and now it concerns Fatima how hard it would be to change the major components of the culture being followed in the company over a long period. ISSUES INVOLVED Organizational culture is the set of the guiding tools and the ideology that guides and the interpretations and the actions in any organization. It describes the various attitudes, beliefs, the way of doing the work, psychologies, experiences, etc shared commonly by all the employees in the organization. It is basically the ways and the values followed by each and everybody in the organization whether directly or indirectly related to it. The organizational culture of any organization is highly dependent upon the goals and the objectives of the it and the appropriate kinds of the standards adopted for the needs to achieve those. Actually, these are the norms which lays down the guidelines or the expectations that prescribes the kind of behavior is expected from its employees which controls the behavior of the members of the organization towards each other. THEORETICAL UNPINNINGS OF THE ISSUES INVOLVED The consensus about the concept of organizational culture is bit difficult to understand theoretically, as they are quite holistic, historical involving the various anthropological and socially constructed concepts which are also very much difficult to change. Changing the organizational culture is one of the toughest task in the organizational change as this component of the organization was developed over a long period of time by the interaction and the confidence of its participants in the organization. The current organization culture matches the comfort and the style of its employees especially its executive level managers which ultimately reflects the prevailing management style in which the employees are well settled and used to in that working environment. ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATION First of all, the need of initiating the change in the organizational culture is itself a big decision which requires some extremely reason or set of reasons. These reasons have to be of the class of significant loss of sales or customers, fear of bankruptcy, or loosing the millions of dollars in the market, etc and for that too blaming the organizational culture itself needs a harsh journey. But after recognizing the organizational culture as the reason for these troubles and there is a need to change the culture the process require a deep understanding and commitment along with certain tools and knowledge. Doing the change itself is not pretty enough and also the changes are not that easy. Before changing its culture the organization must understand its current culture and the values, the way the things are going on in the organization. Once the organization has understood its current culture, the consultant needs to understand what changes or alterations may be required to guide the organization to the success along with taking into the consideration the well being of its employees, stake holders, partners and the others. This should reflect the future mission and the vision in the future and what will be the major steps to achieve that and path to be folled. This needs high degree of the future predictions according to the current scenario. The next step which would be the toughest step is to convince its employees to change their behavior as per the requirements and the needs of the changed organizational culture. CONCLUSION The change management and especially the changes in the prevailing organizational culture may although be a tough task to be accomplished in the light of fact that these cultures have been developed over the long time and it would be difficult for each and every element of the organization to get adapted for these changes. But for a smart and efficient consultant, he/she has to understand the very roots and the soul of these cultures, to get started right from these ends to get the solutions of the issues involved. Organizational Situation Scenario:3 How do you change a complacent organization? CASE BACKGROUD Ahmed Al Shammsi is the CEO of a well established organization Trans-Tech Solutions which is the market leader in manufacturing the avionics components for the commercial airlines. Even though the organization is doing extremely well in the current situation but the CEO is foreseeing the future problems that is bound to occur in the organization for which the acute changes in the management is required in the organization. Now, CEO is finding another issue about how to convince the top managers to go for some of major changes in the organization. ISSUES INVOLVED The current era of fast industrial and business growth, more competition and the need of more innovation has become the utmost important tool for achieving the success and making stability in that success. The change has to be taken as the most important capability of any business operating in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s era without which the organization could not just wish to get the success and get adapted to a changing world. Without the effective and efficient changes required from time to time, the organization is bound to become obsolete some day and eventually die out. THEORITICAL UNPINNING OF THE ISSUES Every organization gets formed on the basis of some ideas and the innovations. They have a distinctive vision with some of those dedicated and devoted people with fresh mind set up to accomplish these very things. Not only the top level management but the organization as a whole have to kept together while making such decisions which as big as the changes in the way they are working, the motive for which they are operating and mission they are acting day and night for the well being of the organization. The settled and the complacent organization like the Trans-Tech Transportation must have started with a fresh idea through which they grew into a market leader and reached a certain level of excellence. But the flexibility is the thing which is required by this corporation to continue as the market leader in the future. ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS It is quite possible that the top level managers have become quite matured with enough resistance to the changes but this may become the reason due to which the company may fall on to a senility mode in which the efficiency of the company slows and may even stop causing the ultimate downfall and then die out. Keeping ourselves in the place of Ahmed Al Shamsi, the owner has to convince its managers even though they are the market leaders, they have been doing well enough in achieving its objectives and goals, there excellent performance has been based on their organizational strategies and cultures but the change is the law of nature which applies here as well. They will have to see not only the prospects coming out for the near future but also the far future which would help them to maintain its leadership as long as possible (Theories of Motivation). They will have to keep in mind that they became the leader by replacing somebody and it would not be impossible that some other innova tion may pull them next to the leader. CONCLUSION Based on the analysis of the complacent organization of Trans-Tech Corporation, the top level managers should look forward for looking for some changes based on some exciting and new idea through which the company may continue its strong and fine edge to continue as a firm with solid vision, strong vision with clear objectives for not only the well being of itself or the executive level management but the organization as a whole.

The Atrocity of Saul Alinskys Utilitarian Approach to Communcation Ess

The Atrocity of Saul Alinsky's Utilitarian Approach to Communcation Jeremy Bentham, one of the founders of Utilitarianism, believed his philosophy could provide for the â€Å"greatest happiness of the greatest number of people†. However benign it may sound, at the heart of Utilitarianism is a cold, teleological process which reduces happiness to a mere commodity. It is even worse that Saul Alinsky would extend this philosophy to a point where the truth becomes relative, justice becomes a tool of those powerful enough to wield it, and any means are justified to reach one’s desired ends. Utilitarianism’s focus on outcomes inevitably leads to a lack of concern with the means used to accomplish a given outcome. This allows for a process in which the rules of conduct are vague, open to interpretation, and less important than one’s objective. This lack of absolute standards clearly violates several key standards of Martin Buber’s Dialogic values, which I believe are essential to ethical communication. These standards stress the importance of the authenticity and honesty of one’s me...

Krogstad

In what ways does Ibsen make us feel sympathetic towards Sarasota? In the first act of the play ‘A Doll's House' by Henries Ibsen, we are presented to many different characters, however, the one that stands out most is the rather out of the ordinary character, Sarasota. Sarasota is a lawyer who went to the same school as Dorval, and has a minor position at Tortilla's bank. Ibsen tries to plot down certain aspects of Crossroad's life, In which you see both sides of the character, which might make the readers feel sorry for him.With this, Ibsen gives the readers the power to ecocide which character they would be sympathetic towards the most. Crossroad's character is in opposition; although his bad actions seem to push him towards the desire of protecting his children and wife, he is willing to use dishonest tactics to achieve his goals. This leaves Nora In a horrible situation, but his claims to feel sympathy for her and the hard circumstances of his own life drive us to sympathi es with him. At first you can see that Sarasota is like any other person, wanting to keep his Job, to know that he is still welcomed some where.This can be seen in the sentence: â€Å"Will oh be so good as to see that I keep my humble position at the bank? † By using the word ‘humble' he is shown a sense of sarcasm, meaning that he does not actually enjoy working at the bank, but that he has no other choice, It Is all he has to keep getting money so that he can take care of his wife and children. Later on in the first play his character changes. He is presented as a disheartened, wretched man. This is shown in the line: â€Å"Now listen to me, Mrs. Helmet. If I'm forced to, I shall fight for my little Job at the banks as I would fight for my life. Although It his sounds very harsh and quite threatening, It does give him the sense of righteousness. It is the desperate side to him, that no matter what will happen he will keep fighting to keep his job at the bank so that he can survive and so that he can also enjoy this feeling of happiness. Ibsen makes you feel sympathetic towards Sarasota because you realize that he is a condoling guy and really cares about his job, wants to get things done, but cares even more about being able to provide for his family. Crossroad's aggressive and brutal side is later on shown through the way he threatensNora with the sentence: Mimi say that because you don't want to help me. But I have the means to make you. † This is a disturbing line from Sarasota because you see the clear lack of consideration he has towards Nora. This shows that he will do everything to get what he wants, even if it means hurting some one along the way. He Is In some ways blackballing Nora, In the way that she has no way out of this he forces her to try to help him keep his Job at her husbands company, even though she has no way of doing so.Sarasota is the plays main antagonist, however, he is not shown as the typical bad u that you see in other scenarios. This can be shown in the sentence: â€Å"Do as you please. But I tell you this. If I get thrown into the gutter for a second time, I shall take you with me. † Although his actions are not good, his intentions are good. Sarasota is trying to hide his past reputation, and by this he doesn't want to be knocked down again. By saying this, it shows that he would not go down alone, so that he can show Nora how horrible it is to be left out of society and losing everything that keeps him going.In this situation, not only the readers would feel sorry for Sarasota, but maybe even Nora herself, because she would be able to relate since he is fighting for his life and for his children to be able to provide for them. In conclusion, Ibsen makes us feel sympathetic towards Sarasota by making him behave like any other human being would. This is shown through bringing up real life situations, as Sarasota only has to go through this so that he can take good care and be se cure of his children, and in this the readers could acknowledge the position that Sarasota is in.

Important Macbeth Quotes - 1713 Words

Important Macbeth Quotes 1. The raven himself is hoarse That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan Under my battlements. Come, you spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full Of direst cruelty. Make thick my blood, Stop up th’access and passage to remorse, That no compunctious visitings of nature Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between Th’ effect and it. Come to my woman’s breasts, And take my milk for gall, you murd’ring ministers, Wherever in your sightless substances You wait on nature’s mischief. Come, thick night, And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, That my keen knife see not the wound it makes, Nor heaven peep through the blanket†¦show more content†¦At the same time, Macbeth’s fear that â€Å"[w]e still have judgement here, that we but teach / Bloody instructions which, being taught, return / To plague th’inventor,† foreshadows the way that his deeds will eventually come back to haunt him. The imagery in this speech is dark—we hear of â€Å"bloody instructions,† â€Å"deep damnation,† and a â€Å"poisoned chalice†Ã¢â‚¬â€and suggests that Macbeth is aware of how the murder would open the door to a dark and sinful world. At the same time, he admits that his only reason for committing murder, â€Å"ambition,† suddenly seems an insufficient justification for the act. The destruction that comes from unchecked ambition will continue to be explored as one of the play’s themes. As the soliloquy ends, Macbeth seems to resolve not to kill Duncan, but this resolve will only last until his wife returns and once a gain convinces him, by the strength of her will, to go ahead with their plot. 3. Whence is that knocking?— How is’t with me, when every noise appals me? What hands are here! Ha, they pluck out mine eyes. Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood Clean from my hand? No, this my hand will rather The multitudinous seas incarnadine, Making the green one red. --Macbeth says this in Act II, scene ii, lines 55–61. He has just murdered Duncan, and the crime was accompanied by supernaturalShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth 1289 Words   |  6 Pages16, 2015 Macbeth Literary Essay In this 16th century, classic play about a man hungry for power by William Shakespeare there are many intense instances of symbolism used to demonstrate and prove Macbeth’s feelings and behaviour throughout the book. Good symbolism makes you feel what the character feels when reading a story. In the story, â€Å"Macbeth†, Macbeth is shown to be a sly and deceiving person who betrayed his kingdom for his own gain. Three important symbols used to show Macbeth s greedRead MoreMacbeth Historical Context796 Words   |  4 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s Macbeth the male characters Macbeth, Macduff, Banquo and Duncan really give you and insight in to the time the play was written. 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