The Atrocity of Saul Alinskys Utilitarian Approach to Communcation Ess

The Atrocity of Saul Alinsky's Utilitarian Approach to Communcation Jeremy Bentham, one of the founders of Utilitarianism, believed his philosophy could provide for the â€Å"greatest happiness of the greatest number of people†. However benign it may sound, at the heart of Utilitarianism is a cold, teleological process which reduces happiness to a mere commodity. It is even worse that Saul Alinsky would extend this philosophy to a point where the truth becomes relative, justice becomes a tool of those powerful enough to wield it, and any means are justified to reach one’s desired ends. Utilitarianism’s focus on outcomes inevitably leads to a lack of concern with the means used to accomplish a given outcome. This allows for a process in which the rules of conduct are vague, open to interpretation, and less important than one’s objective. This lack of absolute standards clearly violates several key standards of Martin Buber’s Dialogic values, which I believe are essential to ethical communication. These standards stress the importance of the authenticity and honesty of one’s me...

Krogstad

In what ways does Ibsen make us feel sympathetic towards Sarasota? In the first act of the play ‘A Doll's House' by Henries Ibsen, we are presented to many different characters, however, the one that stands out most is the rather out of the ordinary character, Sarasota. Sarasota is a lawyer who went to the same school as Dorval, and has a minor position at Tortilla's bank. Ibsen tries to plot down certain aspects of Crossroad's life, In which you see both sides of the character, which might make the readers feel sorry for him.With this, Ibsen gives the readers the power to ecocide which character they would be sympathetic towards the most. Crossroad's character is in opposition; although his bad actions seem to push him towards the desire of protecting his children and wife, he is willing to use dishonest tactics to achieve his goals. This leaves Nora In a horrible situation, but his claims to feel sympathy for her and the hard circumstances of his own life drive us to sympathi es with him. At first you can see that Sarasota is like any other person, wanting to keep his Job, to know that he is still welcomed some where.This can be seen in the sentence: â€Å"Will oh be so good as to see that I keep my humble position at the bank? † By using the word ‘humble' he is shown a sense of sarcasm, meaning that he does not actually enjoy working at the bank, but that he has no other choice, It Is all he has to keep getting money so that he can take care of his wife and children. Later on in the first play his character changes. He is presented as a disheartened, wretched man. This is shown in the line: â€Å"Now listen to me, Mrs. Helmet. If I'm forced to, I shall fight for my little Job at the banks as I would fight for my life. Although It his sounds very harsh and quite threatening, It does give him the sense of righteousness. It is the desperate side to him, that no matter what will happen he will keep fighting to keep his job at the bank so that he can survive and so that he can also enjoy this feeling of happiness. Ibsen makes you feel sympathetic towards Sarasota because you realize that he is a condoling guy and really cares about his job, wants to get things done, but cares even more about being able to provide for his family. Crossroad's aggressive and brutal side is later on shown through the way he threatensNora with the sentence: Mimi say that because you don't want to help me. But I have the means to make you. † This is a disturbing line from Sarasota because you see the clear lack of consideration he has towards Nora. This shows that he will do everything to get what he wants, even if it means hurting some one along the way. He Is In some ways blackballing Nora, In the way that she has no way out of this he forces her to try to help him keep his Job at her husbands company, even though she has no way of doing so.Sarasota is the plays main antagonist, however, he is not shown as the typical bad u that you see in other scenarios. This can be shown in the sentence: â€Å"Do as you please. But I tell you this. If I get thrown into the gutter for a second time, I shall take you with me. † Although his actions are not good, his intentions are good. Sarasota is trying to hide his past reputation, and by this he doesn't want to be knocked down again. By saying this, it shows that he would not go down alone, so that he can show Nora how horrible it is to be left out of society and losing everything that keeps him going.In this situation, not only the readers would feel sorry for Sarasota, but maybe even Nora herself, because she would be able to relate since he is fighting for his life and for his children to be able to provide for them. In conclusion, Ibsen makes us feel sympathetic towards Sarasota by making him behave like any other human being would. This is shown through bringing up real life situations, as Sarasota only has to go through this so that he can take good care and be se cure of his children, and in this the readers could acknowledge the position that Sarasota is in.

Important Macbeth Quotes - 1713 Words

Important Macbeth Quotes 1. The raven himself is hoarse That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan Under my battlements. Come, you spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full Of direst cruelty. Make thick my blood, Stop up th’access and passage to remorse, That no compunctious visitings of nature Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between Th’ effect and it. Come to my woman’s breasts, And take my milk for gall, you murd’ring ministers, Wherever in your sightless substances You wait on nature’s mischief. Come, thick night, And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, That my keen knife see not the wound it makes, Nor heaven peep through the blanket†¦show more content†¦At the same time, Macbeth’s fear that â€Å"[w]e still have judgement here, that we but teach / Bloody instructions which, being taught, return / To plague th’inventor,† foreshadows the way that his deeds will eventually come back to haunt him. The imagery in this speech is dark—we hear of â€Å"bloody instructions,† â€Å"deep damnation,† and a â€Å"poisoned chalice†Ã¢â‚¬â€and suggests that Macbeth is aware of how the murder would open the door to a dark and sinful world. At the same time, he admits that his only reason for committing murder, â€Å"ambition,† suddenly seems an insufficient justification for the act. The destruction that comes from unchecked ambition will continue to be explored as one of the play’s themes. As the soliloquy ends, Macbeth seems to resolve not to kill Duncan, but this resolve will only last until his wife returns and once a gain convinces him, by the strength of her will, to go ahead with their plot. 3. Whence is that knocking?— How is’t with me, when every noise appals me? What hands are here! Ha, they pluck out mine eyes. Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood Clean from my hand? No, this my hand will rather The multitudinous seas incarnadine, Making the green one red. --Macbeth says this in Act II, scene ii, lines 55–61. He has just murdered Duncan, and the crime was accompanied by supernaturalShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth 1289 Words   |  6 Pages16, 2015 Macbeth Literary Essay In this 16th century, classic play about a man hungry for power by William Shakespeare there are many intense instances of symbolism used to demonstrate and prove Macbeth’s feelings and behaviour throughout the book. Good symbolism makes you feel what the character feels when reading a story. In the story, â€Å"Macbeth†, Macbeth is shown to be a sly and deceiving person who betrayed his kingdom for his own gain. Three important symbols used to show Macbeth s greedRead MoreMacbeth Historical Context796 Words   |  4 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s Macbeth the male characters Macbeth, Macduff, Banquo and Duncan really give you and insight in to the time the play was written. 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Lady Macbeth sees her husband as a coward, and therefore this relates to theRead MoreImagery of Blood, Light and Clothing in Macbeth by William Shakespeare540 Words   |  3 PagesBlood, Light and Clothing in Macbeth by William Shakespeare Imagery, the art of making images, the product of imagination (Merriam- Webster). Shakespeare uses many forms of imagery in his writing of Macbeth. Three main forms of imagery in this play are blood, light and darkness, and clothing. Within each form of this imagery Shakespeare incorporates symbols that the reader must understand if they are to interpret either the passage or the play as a whole. In Macbeth blood symbolizes many thingsRead MoreEssay Macbeth Themes: Fair Is Foul and Foul Is Fair900 Words   |  4 PagesThe theme of ‘Fair is foul, foul is fair’ permeates throughout the play Macbeth. 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This is evident in Macbeth’s opinion of his wife, Lady Macbeth’sRead MorePower Corrupts, and Absolute Power Corrupts Absolutely1109 Words   |  5 Pagescontrol, can cause people to act in incomprehensible ways. Throughout the play Macbeth, written by playwright Shakespeare, the desire for absolute power is the main driving force for the two main characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. They are consumed with a great craving for ultimate rule, and are willing to achieve it by whatever means necessary. Power had corrupted the thoughts, a ctions and behaviors of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, and as a result of their greed, selfishness and strong desire for supremacy

The World Of Technology Young Adults - 1536 Words

NO THANKSGET THE APP World of technology Cynthia Sanchez Professor Greeley ENG 111 27 November 2015 The World of Technology: Young Adults In the 21st century technology has become such a big part of our society; it is so powerful because it affects everyone all over the world. For example, technology not only affects children and young adults in their workspace, such as in school or throughout their careers, but also in their day-to-day personal lives. In this day and age, because of the convenience which technology can provide, people have learned to become so dependent on technology to the extent that many of them cannot imagine their lives without it. For instance, nowadays it is very common to see people on their smart phones,†¦show more content†¦Also, technology may allow people to share information that others would not be able to receive if technology was not as advanced as it is today. Nowadays, you will find many people sleeping with their cell phones and laptops right besides them, almost as if these devices have become a key component in their lives. This is a disadvantage because, people are being too dependent on these types of technology, to the extent that they are becoming borderline obsessive, or in some cases very obsessive with technology. In past decades, it was not so common to see things like this. The fact is that technology is negatively impacting these co-dependent people today; the reality is as technology keeps advancing, it will only affect those dependent people even worse in the future. In Neil Postman’s fifth idea, and Mark Bauerlein’s article â€Å"Generation Text,† the expression of technology being harmful, and only getting worse is described in great detail. The dependence children and young adults have on technology today is quite astonishing. For instance, technology is now being seen â€Å"as part of a natural order of things,† which is controlling our lives more than it should, almost to the point where it is unhealthy (Postman, 5). Many young adults dislike listening to their parents when their parents try to limit their technology use; however, the fact of the matter is that these limits on technology use are â€Å"healthy† (Bauerlein,

Satire Of Jane Austen s Pride And Prejudice - 1764 Words

One of the most notable aspects of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, is the use of satire as a way to comment on English society in the 19th century. Austen’s satirical approach to analyzing societal norms gives the novel a comedic and lighthearted tone, while also educating the reader on faults in the social class in which she was raised. Mrs. Bennet and Mr. Collins serve as satirical objects of the society Pride and Prejudice depicts and are crucial in portraying Austen’s view on conventional attitudes towards marriage and women. Austen establishes her satirical view of these characters in the first line of the novel. The narrator states, It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.† (p.1). The plot of the novel surrounds this societal assumption and provides a medium for author Jane Austen to critique society. In the classic novel of Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen uses satire as a way to critique the role of women and marriage. Jane Austen chooses to satirize Mr. Collins in order to comment on the misguided purpose of marriage. Mr. Collins exemplifies this in his proposal to Elizabeth Bennet. In his proposal, Mr. Collins says haughtily, â€Å"‘My situation in life, my connections with the family of de Bourgh, and my relationship to your own, are circumstances highly in my favour; and you should take it into further consideration, that in spite of your manifold attractions, it is by no means certainShow MoreRelatedSatire Of Being Earnest And Jane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1533 Words   |  7 Pagesorganized religion and a rigid class system. Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest and Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice use satire to reveal faults in these elements of society. Many of Wilde’s criticisms of society are provoked by his closeted homosexuality. He portrays religion as a restricting, meaningless convention and de picts the aristocratic class as a hypocritical and unempathetic lot. Austen similarly finds faults in these areas of society, but her opinions stem from her experiencesRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1189 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature April 21, 2016 Jane Austen s use of Satire in Pride and Prejudice Set in Nineteenth-century England, Jane Austen s Pride and Prejudice is a satirical novel focused on the ideals of social class and marriage. Austen plays on social behavior to show a society in which a woman s character is of the ultimate importance. A lady is expected to behave in a specific way and breaking the set social norms can put her at risk of being ostracized. In the 1800 s there were very little financialRead More Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice: Novel and Movie Essay652 Words   |  3 PagesJane Austens Pride and Prejudice: Novel and Movie Pride and Prejudice, the novel by Jane Austen, and Sense and Sensibility, the movie based on the novel by Austen, share many striking similarities. These similarities lie in the characters, plots and subplots between these characters, the settings, and the overall style and themes used in creating the two works. Jane Austen uses extremely similar characters in almost the exact same situation in Pride and Prejudice and Sense and SensibilityRead MorePride And Prejudice : A Comedy Of Characters1387 Words   |  6 PagesPride and Prejudice: A Comedy of Characters In Jane Austen s novel Pride and Prejudice, a subtle layer of comedy exists that is especially noticeable when very different characters are juxtaposed. This method is used to deepen characterization and make clear the intended satire. The distinct differences between characters help to bring out Austen’s subtle satire because the negative qualities of certain characters are more blatant when surrounded by opposing positive qualities in another characterRead MoreThe Theme of Society in Pride and Prejudice Essay976 Words   |  4 PagesOriginally written in the late 1700s, Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice satirically depicts the universal ideals in Old Regency England, primarily regarding social class. Austen follows the development of an outspoken middle-class British woman, Elizabeth Bennet, as she encounters and overcomes the many social barriers that separate her from her wealthy upper-class neighbors. 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The book was first titled First Impressions but was renamed after a bookseller refused to see the manuscript. The genre of this novel is best described as a satire or novel of manners. The main character is Elizabeth Bennet and it follows her on her j ourney to understand manners, marriage, mortality

Gabon An Example For All of Africa Essay Example For Students

Gabon: An Example For All of Africa Essay The country of Gabon is praised as being one of the most successfulcountries in Africa. Gabon is a very diverse country in many ways. There are avariety of different tribes that call Gabon home. Also, the land differsthrough out the county. Gabon is one of the smaller countries of Africa with the area of 267,670square miles. Comparatively, this is the almost the same size as Colorado. Theterrain of this tiny country consists of narrow coastal plains; a hillyinterior; and Savannah in the east and south. Much of the interior is rainforests and is not arable. Only 1% of the land is arable The remaining land iseither meadows, permanent crops, or other land forms. (The World Fact Book1995)Gabon is one of the most thinly populated countries in Africa. It has apopulation of approximately 1,155,000 (July 1995 est.) There are 11 people persquare mile. The majority of the Gabonese are of ages 15-64 years. The averagelife expectancy is 55.14 years. Women live to be around 58, while men areusually around 52 when they die. This is why only 5% of the population is olderthan 65. The infant mortality is lower than many other African countries, 92.4per 1,000 live births. (The World Fact Book 1995)As in most African countries, there are many Bantu tribes make up theethnicity of the country. There are four major tribal groups. The Fang, Eshira,Bapounou, and the Bateke. (The World Fact Book)The largest of these tribes is the Fang. They live mainly in thenorthern area of Gabon. Many years ago they were considered the fiercestwarriors of the area. Now, they dominate many of the countries governmentalpositions. (World Book Encyclopedia page )One of the earlier tribes that is since gone was the Omyene. They livedalong the coast. The Omyene are important because they were the first of thenatives to meet the European traders and missionaries. They played an importantrole of keeping peace with the Europeans. (World Book Encyclopedia, 1992 page2)Along with there being so many different ethnic backgrounds, there aremany religions as well. The major religion is Christian,75 % of the population. About 1% of the population is Muslim. The remaining 24% are animists. Theseinclude all of the tribal practices. (The World Fact Book)One of the reasons why Gabon has been so successful is that it has astable government. It is a republic and has multiple political parties. Thecapitol, Libreville ( aprox. 275,000 people), is where all of governmentalissues are taken care of. (1996 World Almanac pages 764-65) This is where theNational assembly, Gabons legislative branch, meets.Also this is where thepresident lives. President Omar Bongo has been president for 29 years. He hasbeen getting reelected every 7 years since 1967.( Clements Encyclopedia ofWorld Government 1996, page 146)As president, Mr. Bongo has many different jobs. He serves not only aschief administrator but also as Head of the State. In order to help him togovern the country well he gets to choose a council of ministers. Also out ofthe 120 representatives in the National Assembly, 9 are appointed by thepresident. The others are voted in by the people. The president can alsoadjourn the Assembly for up to 18 months in order to rule alone. ( World BookEncyclopedia 1992 page 2)Gabon has a peaceful history. They were first discovered by thePortuguese in the mid 15th century. The Portuguese didnt settle though. Butduring the 19th century France started gaining interest in Gabon. The firstFrench settlement was in 1839. In 1848, Gabon became part of the French Congo. .ue2369f7b05bd8dbaeb1d22e26a9a4202 , .ue2369f7b05bd8dbaeb1d22e26a9a4202 .postImageUrl , .ue2369f7b05bd8dbaeb1d22e26a9a4202 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue2369f7b05bd8dbaeb1d22e26a9a4202 , .ue2369f7b05bd8dbaeb1d22e26a9a4202:hover , .ue2369f7b05bd8dbaeb1d22e26a9a4202:visited , .ue2369f7b05bd8dbaeb1d22e26a9a4202:active { border:0!important; } .ue2369f7b05bd8dbaeb1d22e26a9a4202 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue2369f7b05bd8dbaeb1d22e26a9a4202 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue2369f7b05bd8dbaeb1d22e26a9a4202:active , .ue2369f7b05bd8dbaeb1d22e26a9a4202:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue2369f7b05bd8dbaeb1d22e26a9a4202 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue2369f7b05bd8dbaeb1d22e26a9a4202 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue2369f7b05bd8dbaeb1d22e26a9a4202 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue2369f7b05bd8dbaeb1d22e26a9a4202 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue2369f7b05bd8dbaeb1d22e26a9a4202:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue2369f7b05bd8dbaeb1d22e26a9a4202 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue2369f7b05bd8dbaeb1d22e26a9a4202 .ue2369f7b05bd8dbaeb1d22e26a9a4202-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue2369f7b05bd8dbaeb1d22e26a9a4202:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: None Provided5 Essay PaperIt wasnt until 1957 when Gabon became a French republic. Less than five yearslater, on August 17, 1960, full independence was granted by the French to theRepublic of Gabon. That same year the first president was elected. (ClementsEncyclopedia of World Government, 1996 pg. 146)Yet another reason for Gabons success is its economy. Gabon is an oil-rich country. Oil accounts for 80% of their exports. Besides petroleum,substantial timber resources and expansion of its agriculture section hasallowed Gabon to grow economically.(Call and Post (Cincinnati) 12/1/94pp.PG.)Gabon exports much of its natural wealth. The United states and Franceare the major tra ding partners of Gabon. The top commodities are crude oil,timber, and manganese. The major imports are foodstuffs, chemical products, andpetroleum products. The major partners for imports are France and other Africancountries. (World Fact Book, 1995)The labor force is made up of 120,000 salaried workers. 65% of thepeople work in the agriculture field. 30% work in industry and commerce Thetop industries in Gabon are food and beverage, lumbering, textiles, andpetroleum refining. The major agricultural cash crops are cocoa, coffee, andpalm oil. Livestock raising has yet to develop but, there is a small fishingindustry. (World Fact Book 1995)The currency of Gabon, the CFA Franc, is not worth much compared to thedollar. The exchange rate was for every US dollar there is 529.43 CFA Francs in1995. The per capita income is twice as much as most other African countries,$4,800. This means that the average Gabonese household will make 2,540,784Francs per year. (The World Fact Book 1995)Despite its small size, Gabon is one of the most advanced and extensiveair transport networks. They have a total of 69 airports. Thirty eight ofthese airports have paved runways. Even though the runways may be paved, manyof the roads are not. Out of the 7,500 kilometers of highway, only 560kilometers are paved. The remaining of the roads are crushed stone or earth. (The World Fact Book 1995)Gabon may seem like paradise, but it does have some problems. There hasbeen a recent outbreak of the Ebola virus, the first in Gabons history. Theoutbreak started in a remote rain forest area near the town of Booue, incentral Gabon. It started when a family of 18 shared a meal of chimpanzee meat. It had spread slowly to 14 other friends and family starting in July. Luckily,the virus was contained by the swift action taken by the Gabonese government. They prevented the disease from spreading by supplying the local hospitals withproper equipment. This has been the only major problem in the past year,besides Maritime boundary disputes with Equatorial Guinea. (Newsday, 10/12/96,pg. 6)No other nation in Africa, possibly the whole world, has under gone sucha spectacular change in the twentieth century- from mud huts to mini-skyscrapers. Gabons future looks very bright.Soon enough they will be one ofthe leading countries of the world. Bibliography1.Gabon. Clements Encyclopedia of World Government. 1996 ed. 2.Gabon. Netscape. Internet. http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/gb.html Accessed December 15, 1996. 3.Gabon. The 1996 World Almanac and Fact Book. pp. 764-65. 1996 ed. 4.Gabon. The World Encyclopedia. 1995 ed. 5.Garrett, Laurie. Ebola Again This Time in Gabon. Newsday. 12 October1996: 6. 6. LeVine, Victor T. Gabon. Encyclopedia Americana. 1995 ed. Category: History

The Truth About Chain Gangs And Convict Labor Essays -

The Truth About Chain Gangs and Convict Labor Jeremy A. Greenfield English 101 Iowa Western Community College 11/16/98 Outline Thesis: From the early chain gangs to the prison industries of today, prisoners have been used as labor in the United States. I. Definition A. Definition of convict labor B. Definition of chain gangs and prison industries II. Chain Gangs A. Early history B. Mid-history C. Decline D. Present E. Curtis Brown III. Convict Labor A. Statistics B. Reasons for C. Reasons against D. Other benefits E. Types of jobs IV. Main Points Restated A. Best arguments for convict labor B. Best arguments against convict labor page 2 page 3 Prisons have been used as the way of punishment in the United States since its beginning. Throughout the history of prisons, convicts have been used as labor. The methods of labor, the number of laborers, and the arguments for or against has constantly been changing. From the early chain gangs to the prison industries of today, prisoners have been used as labor in the United States. When people think of chain gangs, they usually think of people in white and black stripes, being forced to work in a harsh environment. This was often true. Employees, also called "leasees", were in charge of the inmates. They often treated the inmates brutally. The name "chain gang" probably comes from the fact that the inmates were chained together at the legs to reduce the chance of escape. (Reynolds 181) Inmates were often controlled by whips and other harsh disciplines and punishments. People argued that the treatment was just because of the increased chance of escape in chain gangs. (Reynolds 182) People also thought that the chain gangs would deter crime, but studies show that they failed to deter. (Brownstein 179) The living conditions were often unsanitary, crowded, and poorly constructed. (Reynolds 182) These bad conditions of the past have given the chain gang an extremely bad rap. The way people view chain gangs has changed several times throughout their history in the United States. The earliest history of chain gangs holds the cause for the bad views of them. The public sees chain gangs as a racist part of the old South. The first chain gangs began in England and the northern part of the United States during the eighteenth century. (Reynolds 180) Even though chain gangs were legal in almost every state, the South seemed to be the only region using them. Some reasons for this include the bad climate of the North and the public's thoughts against chain gangs. (Reynolds 183) Another reason why we see the South as the source of chain gangs is because it was the region that needed them the most. The South used chain gangs because after the Civil War there was a labor shortage. The labor shortage and an escalation in crime caused the South to begin leasing out convict labor. (Reynolds 180) It did not take long for convict leasing to spread. After the Civil War the South had to rebuild. That is why most of the states in the South had convict labor by 1875. The most common workers of the chain gang were county inmates who worked on the roads. A large amount of repairs was needed to mend the roads that were destroyed during the war. Many convicts were also leased out to farms in the South to replace the slaves who were freed because of the Civil War. (Reynolds 180) The South was still a farming region with many large plantations that needed workers. Southerners were accustomed to having cheap labor so convict labor was thought as a good solution. There seemed to be no concern for welfare of the convicts or the jobs of others. Nobody cared that chain gangs were humiliating and degrading to inmates, which was against the eighth amendment, preventing cruel and unusual punishment. (Brownstein 179) Early chain gangs were used only for economic gain. Convicts made money page 4 which helped to support themselves and were used as cheap labor. Rehabilitation was not a concern back then. (Reynolds 181) Some people did worry about the bad treatment of the convicts. Other people worried that convict labor took jobs from average citizens. During the twenties workers in many jobs had decided to form unions to protect their jobs from bad conditions. The unions that formed in the early twentieth century also opposed the labor of chain gangs. The unions' concerns and the inhumane treatment caused the downfall of the convict lease system in the South by 1920. (Reynolds 181) Private owners would no longer be able to lease prisoners. During this time period cars and better